Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/382)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Tur is Meccan (1).

In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.

“By Mount Tur; by a Book inscribed, on parchment unrolled; by the Much-Frequented House; and by the raised roof.”

“By Mount Tur”: this refers to the mountain in the Holy Land upon which Allah Most High spoke to Moses, peace be upon him. Allah Most High swore by it.

“By a Book inscribed”: written.

“On parchment unrolled”: parchment is that upon which writing is done; it is the skin used for written sheets. “Unrolled” means spread open. They differed regarding this Book. Al-Kalbi said: It is what Allah wrote with His Hand for Moses from the Torah, while Moses heard the scratching of the pen.

It was also said: it is the Preserved Tablet. And it was said: it is the registers of the recording angels, which will be brought forth to people on the Day of Resurrection, spread open; some will take theirs in their right hand, and others in their left. The evidence for this is His saying, Glorified and Exalted is He: “And on the Day of Resurrection We shall bring forth for him a record which he will find laid open.” (al-Isra 17:13)

“By the Much-Frequented House”: frequented by many visitors and inhabitants. It is a house in heaven, opposite the Throne and directly above the Kaaba, called al-Durah. Its sanctity in heaven is like that of the Kaaba on earth. Every day, seventy thousand angels enter it, circumambulate it, and pray therein; then they never return to it again (2).

“And by the raised roof”: that is, the heaven. Its parallel is His saying, Glorified and Exalted is He: “And We made the sky a protected ceiling.” (al-Anbiya 21:32)

(1) Ibn al-Durays, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi reported from Ibn Abbas that he said: Surat al-Tur was revealed in Mecca. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:626. (2) See al-Tabari, 27:16. Al-Haythami said in al-Majma, 7:114: “Al-Tabarani narrated it from Ibn Abbas as a marfu report [attributed to the Prophet], and its chain includes Bishr Abu Hudhayfah, who is abandoned [as a narrator].”

سُورَةُ الطُّورِ مَكِّيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿وَالطُّورِ (١) وَكِتَابٍ مَسْطُورٍ (٢) فِي رَقٍّ مَنْشُورٍ (٣) وَالْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ (٤) وَالسَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوعِ (٥) ﴾ ﴿وَالطُّورِ﴾ أَرَادَ بِهِ الْجَبَلَ الَّذِي كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ مُوسَى ﵇ بِالْأَرْضِ الْمُقَدَّسَةِ، أَقْسَمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ. ﴿وَكِتَابٍ مَسْطُورٍ﴾ مَكْتُوبٍ. ﴿فِي رَقٍّ مَنْشُورٍ﴾ "وَالرَّقُّ": مَا يُكْتَبُ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ أَدِيمُ الصُّحُفِ، وَ"الْمَنْشُورُ": الْمَبْسُوطُ، وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: هُوَ مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ لِمُوسَى مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَمُوسَى يَسْمَعُ صَرِيرَ الْقَلَمِ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ اللَّوْحُ الْمَحْفُوظُ. وَقِيلَ: دَوَاوِينُ الْحَفَظَةِ تَخْرُجُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَنْشُورَةً، فَآخِذٌ بِيَمِينِهِ وَآخِذٌ بِشِمَالِهِ. دَلِيلُهُ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: "وَنُخْرِجُ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كِتَابًا يَلْقَاهُ مَنْشُورًا"، (الْإِسْرَاءِ-١٣) . ﴿وَالْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ﴾ بِكَثْرَةِ الْغَاشِيَةِ وَالْأَهْلِ، وَهُوَ بَيْتٌ فِي السَّمَاءِ حِذَاءَ الْعَرْشِ بِحِيَالِ الْكَعْبَةِ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الضُّرَاحُ، حُرْمَتُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ كَحُرْمَةِ الْكَعْبَةِ فِي الْأَرْضِ، يَدْخُلُهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ يَطُوفُونَ بِهِ وَيُصَلُّونَ فِيهِ ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَبَدًا (٢) . ﴿وَالسَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوعِ﴾ يَعْنِي: السَّمَاءَ، نَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: "وَجَعَلْنَا السَّمَاءَ سَقْفًا مَحْفُوظًا". (الْأَنْبِيَاءِ-٣٢)

(١) أخرج ابن الضريس وابن مردويه والبيهقي عن ابن عباس ﵄ قال: نزلت سورة الطور بمكة. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٦٢٦. (٢) انظر: الطبري: ٢٧ / ١٦، وقال الهيثمي في "المجمع" (٧ / ١١٤) : "رواه الطبراني -عن ابن عباس مرفوعًا- وفيه بشر أبو حذيفة وهو متروك".