Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/379)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Thus, no messenger came to those before them without their saying, ‘A sorcerer or a madman!’” (52)

“And the people of Noah”: Abu Amr, Hamzah, and al-Kisa’i recited it with the final mīm in the genitive—wa-qawmi (“and among the people of Noah”)—that is, “and among the people of Noah.” The others recited it in the accusative, construing it according to the meaning. This is because the meaning of His saying, “We seized him and his troops and cast them into the sea,” is: We drowned them, and We drowned the people of Noah. “Before”: that is, before these—the people of Ad, Thamud, and Pharaoh. “Indeed, they were a defiantly disobedient people.”

“And the heaven We built with strength,” that is, with power and ability; “and indeed, We are its expander.” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “Able.” It is also reported from him: “We expand the provision for Our creation.” It was also said: Possessors of ample abundance. Al-Dahhak said: Wealthy, as indicated by His saying: “Upon the affluent is his means” (al-Baqarah 2:236). Al-Hasan said: Fully capable.

“And the earth We spread out”: We extended it and made it smooth for you. “How excellent are We in preparing it!” That is, We are the ones who spread it out. Ibn Abbas said: “How excellent is that which I have made smooth for My servants.”

“And of everything We created pairs”: two distinct and differing kinds, such as heaven and earth, the sun and the moon, night and day, land and sea, plains and mountains, winter and summer, jinn and mankind, male and female, light and darkness, faith and disbelief, happiness and wretchedness, truth and falsehood, sweetness and bitterness. “So that you may take heed”: so that you may know that the Creator of all pairs is One.

“So flee to Allah”: flee from Allah’s punishment to His reward, through faith and obedience. Ibn Abbas said: “Flee from Him to Him, and act in obedience to Him.” Sahl ibn Abd Allah said: “Flee from everything besides Allah to Allah.” “Indeed, I am to you from Him a clear warner. And do not set up another god alongside Allah. Indeed, I am to you from Him a clear warner.”

“Thus”: that is, just as your people denied you, saying, “A sorcerer or a madman!” no messenger came to those before them,

﴿كَذَلِكَ مَا أَتَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا قَالُوا سَاحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ (٥٢) ﴾ ﴿وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ﴾ ، قَرَأَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو وَحَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: "وَقَوْمِ" بِجَرِّ الْمِيمِ، أَيْ: وَفِي قَوْمِ نُوحٍ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِنَصْبِهَا بِالْحَمْلِ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى، وَهُوَ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: "فَأَخَذْنَاهُ وَجُنُودَهُ فَنَبَذْنَاهُمْ فِي الْيَمِّ"، مَعْنَاهُ: أَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ وَأَغْرَقْنَا قَوْمَ نُوحٍ. ﴿مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ ، أَيْ: مِنْ قَبْلِ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَهُمْ عَادٌ وَثَمُودُ وَقَوْمُ فِرْعَوْنَ. ﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ﴾ . ﴿وَالسَّمَاءَ بَنَيْنَاهَا بِأَيْدٍ﴾ ، بِقُوَّةٍ وَقُدْرَةٍ، ﴿وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ﴾ ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا: قَادِرُونَ. وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا: لَمُوسِعُونَ الرِّزْقَ عَلَى خَلْقِنَا. وَقِيلَ: ذُو سَعَةٍ. قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: أَغْنِيَاءُ، دَلِيلُهُ: قَوْلُهُ ﷿: "عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدْرُهُ" (الْبَقَرَةِ -٢٣٦) ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: مُطِيقُونَ. ﴿وَالْأَرْضَ فَرَشْنَاهَا﴾ ، بَسَطْنَاهَا وَمَهَّدْنَاهَا لَكُمْ، ﴿فَنِعْمَ الْمَاهِدُونَ﴾ ، الْبَاسِطُونَ نَحْنُ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: نِعْمَ مَا وَطَّأْتُ لِعِبَادِي. ﴿وَمِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَا زَوْجَيْنِ﴾ ، صِنْفَيْنِ وَنَوْعَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ كَالسَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَالشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ، وَاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ، وَالْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ، وَالسَّهْلِ وَالْجَبَلِ، وَالشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ، وَالْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ، وَالذَّكَرِ وَالْأُنْثَى، وَالنُّورِ وَالظُّلْمَةِ، وَالْإِيمَانِ وَالْكُفْرِ، وَالسَّعَادَةِ وَالشَّقَاوَةِ، وَالْحَقِّ وَالْبَاطِلِ، وَالْحُلْوِ وَالْمُرِّ. ﴿لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ﴾ ، فَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ خَالِقَ الْأَزْوَاجِ فَرْدٌ. ﴿فَفِرُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ ، فَاهْرُبُوا مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ إِلَى ثَوَابِهِ، بِالْإِيمَانِ وَالطَّاعَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فِرُّوا مِنْهُ إِلَيْهِ وَاعْمَلُوا بِطَاعَتِهِ. وَقَالَ سَهْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: فِرُّوا مِمَّا سِوَى اللَّهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ، ﴿إِنِّي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ وَلَا تَجْعَلُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ إِنِّي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ﴾ . ﴿كَذَلِكَ﴾ ، أَيْ: كَمَا كَذَّبَكَ قَوْمُكَ وَقَالُوا سَاحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ كَذَلِكَ، ﴿مَا أَتَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ﴾