Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/352)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah Qaf, Makkan (1)

In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.

“Qaf. By the glorious Quran.” (1)

“Qaf.” [Ibn Abbas said: “It is an oath,” and it was also said:] it is the name of the surah; and it was said that it is one of the names of the Quran.

Al-Qurazi (3) said: It is the opening letter of His names: the All-Powerful, the All-Able, the Subduer, the Ever-Near, and the Withholder.

Ikrimah and al-Dahhak said: It is a mountain of green emerald encircling the earth; the greenness of the sky comes from it. The sky is domed over it, and its two sides rest upon it. It is said to lie beyond the veil behind which the sun sets ⦗137/b⦘, at a distance of a year’s journey.

It was also said that it means: “The matter has been decreed,” or, “What is to come has been decreed,” as they said regarding Ha Mim (6).

“By the glorious Quran”: the noble and honored Quran, precious to Allah and abundant in goodness.

They differed concerning the apodosis of the oath. The scholars of Kufah said that its apodosis is: “Rather, they were amazed.” It was also said that its apodosis is omitted,

(1) Ibn al-Durays, al-Nahhas, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said: Surah Qaf was revealed in Mecca. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:587. (2) The text within the brackets is omitted in manuscript “A.” (3) Manuscript “A” reads “al-Qurtubi”; what we have established is correct. (4) Manuscript “A” reads “its outskirts.” (5) Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir stated in his Tafsir, 4:222: “It has been reported from some of the early generations that they said: Qaf is a mountain encompassing the whole earth, known as Mount Qaf. Allah knows best, but this appears to be among the fables of the Children of Israel, which some people adopted from them because it is permissible to relate from them that which is neither affirmed nor denied. In my view, this and similar reports are fabrications of some of their heretics, by which they seek to confuse people concerning their religion.” See also Muhammad ibn Muhammad Abu Shahbah, al-Isra'iliyyat wa al-Mawdu'at fi Kutub al-Tafsir, pp. 302–304. (6) See above, p. 137.

سُورَةُ ق مَكِّيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ (١) ﴾ ﴿ق﴾ [قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هُوَ قَسَمٌ، وَقِيلَ:] (٢) هُوَ اسْمٌ لِلسُّورَةِ، وَقِيلَ هُوَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ الْقُرْآنِ. وَقَالَ الْقُرَظِيُّ (٣) : هُوَ مِفْتَاحُ اسْمِهِ "الْقَدِيرِ"، وَ"الْقَادِرِ" وَ"الْقَاهِرِ" وَ"الْقَرِيبِ" وَ"الْقَابِضِ". وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: هُوَ جَبَلٌ مُحِيطٌ بِالْأَرْضِ مِنْ زُمُرُّدَةٍ خَضْرَاءَ، مِنْهُ خُضْرَةُ السَّمَاءِ وَالسَّمَاءُ مَقْبِيَّةٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ كَتِفَاهَا (٤) ، وَيُقَالُ هُوَ وَرَاءِ الْحِجَابِ الَّذِي تَغِيبُ الشمس من ١٣٧/ب وَرَائِهِ بِمَسِيرَةِ سَنَةٍ (٥) . وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ، أَوْ قُضِيَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ، كَمَا قَالُوا فِي حم (٦) . ﴿وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ﴾ الشَّرِيفِ الْكَرِيمِ عَلَى اللَّهِ، الْكَثِيرِ الْخَيْرِ. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي جَوَابِ الْقَسَمِ، فَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ: جَوَابُهُ: "بَلْ عَجِبُوا"، وَقِيلَ: جَوَابُهُ مَحْذُوفٌ،

(١) أخرج ابن الضريس والنحاس وابن مردويه والبيهقي عن ابن عباس قال: نزلت سورة ق بمكة. انظر الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٨٧. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٣) في "أ" القرطبي، والصحيح ما أثبتناه. (٤) في "أ" أكنافها. (٥) قال الحافظ ابن كثير في تفسيره: ٤ / ٢٢٢ "وقد روي عن بعض السلف أنهم قالوا: ق جبل محيط بجميع الأرض، يقال له جبل قاف، وكأن هذا والله أعلم من خرافات بني إسرائيل التي أخذها عنهم بعض الناس لما رأى من جواز الرواية عنهم مما لا يصدق ولا يكذب، وعندي أن هذا وأمثاله وأشباهه من اختلاق بعض زنادقتهم يلبسون به على الناس أمر دينهم ". وانظر: الإسرائليات والموضوعات في كتب التفسير للشيخ محمد بن محمد أبو شهبة: (٣٠٢-٣٠٤) . (٦) انظر فيما سبق ص ١٣٧.