Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/345)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and Usama.” Allah then revealed: “O you who believe, avoid much suspicion.” (1) What is meant is entertaining evil suspicions of people of goodness: “Indeed, some suspicion is sinful.” Sufyan al-Thawri said: “Suspicion is of two kinds: one is sinful—when you entertain it and speak of it; the other is not sinful—when you entertain it but do not speak of it.”

“And do not spy on one another.” Spying means searching for people’s faults. Allah, Exalted is He, has forbidden searching into people’s concealed affairs and pursuing their private faults, lest one uncover what Allah has concealed of them.

Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Samad al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Musab informed us from Malik, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-Araj, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is the most untruthful of speech. Do not spy on one another, do not compete with one another, do not envy one another, do not hate one another, do not turn away from one another; rather, be servants of Allah, brothers.” (2)

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi informed us of it; Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Isfarayini informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ismaili informed us; Abd Allah ibn Nahiyah informed us; Yahya ibn Aktham narrated to us; al-Fadl ibn Musa al-Shaybani informed us, from al-Husayn ibn Waqid, from Awfa ibn Dalham, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “O company of those who profess faith with their tongues, while faith has not reached their hearts: do not backbite the Muslims, nor pursue their private faults. Whoever pursues the private faults of the Muslims, Allah will pursue his private faults; and whoever’s private faults Allah pursues, He will expose him, even within the depths of his dwelling.”

He said: One day Ibn Umar looked at the Kaabah and said, “How great you are, and how great is your sanctity! Yet the believer is greater in sanctity before Allah than you.” (3)

Zayd ibn Wahb said: Ibn Masud was told, “What do you say about al-Walid ibn Uqbah? His beard is dripping with wine.” He replied, “We have been forbidden from spying. But if something becomes manifest to us, we will hold him accountable for it.” (4) “And do not backbite one another.” He says:

(1) Mentioned by al-Qurtubi, 16:330-331. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Book of Manners, in the chapter “O you who believe, avoid much suspicion” [Quran 49:12], 10:484; and by Muslim in The Book of Righteousness and Maintaining Ties of Kinship, in the chapter on the prohibition of suspicion, no. 2563, 4:1985. It is also cited by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:109-110. (3) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in The Book of Righteousness and Maintaining Ties of Kinship, in the chapter on the sanctity of the believer, 6:180-181. He said: “This is a sound, uncommon hadith. We know it only through the hadith of al-Husayn ibn Waqid. Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Samarqandi also narrated something similar from Husayn ibn Waqid, and a report with similar wording has been narrated from Abu Barzah al-Aslami from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.” It was also narrated by Imam Ahmad, 4:421, and cited by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:104. Abu Dawud also narrated it in The Book of Manners, in the chapter on backbiting, 7:213-214, on the authority of Abu Barzah al-Aslami, may Allah be pleased with him. (4) Narrated by Abu Dawud in The Book of Manners, in the chapter on the prohibition of spying, 7:219; and by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 10:232. Al-Bayhaqi also narrated it through him in al-Sunan, 8:334.

وَأُسَامَةَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اجْتَنِبُوا كَثِيرًا مِنَ الظَّنِّ" (١) ، وَأَرَادَ: أَنْ يُظَنَّ بِأَهْلِ الْخَيْرِ سُوءًا ﴿إِنَّ بَعْضَ الظَّنِّ إِثْمٌ﴾ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: الظَّنُّ ظَنَّانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا إِثْمٌ، وَهُوَ أَنْ تَظُنَّ وَتَتَكَلَّمَ بِهِ، وَالْآخَرُ لَيْسَ بِإِثْمٍ وَهُوَ أَنْ تَظُنَّ وَلَا تَتَكَلَّمَ. ﴿وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا﴾ التَّجَسُّسُ: هُوَ الْبَحْثُ عَنْ عُيُوبِ النَّاسِ، نَهَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنِ الْبَحْثِ عَنِ الْمَسْتُورِ مِنْ أُمُورِ النَّاسِ وَتَتَبُّعِ عَوْرَاتِهِمْ حَتَّى لَا يَظْهَرَ عَلَى مَا سَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرْخَسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِيَّاكُمْ وَالظَّنَّ فَإِنَّ الظَّنَّ أَكْذَبُ الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا، وَلَا تَنَافَسُوا، وَلَا تَحَاسَدُوا، وَلَا تَبَاغَضُوا، وَلَا تَدَابَرُوا، وَكُونُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِخْوَانًا" (٢) أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الطُّوسِيُّ بِهَا، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الله بن ناحية، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَكْثَمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ أَوْفَى ابن دَلْهَمٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ﵄ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "يَا مَعْشَرَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِلِسَانِهِ وَلَمْ يُفْضِ الْإِيمَانُ إِلَى قَلْبِهِ، لَا تَغْتَابُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا عَوْرَاتِهِمْ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ تَتَبَّعَ عَوْرَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، يَتَتَبَّعُ اللَّهُ عَوْرَتَهُ، وَمَنْ يَتَتَبَّعِ اللَّهُ عَوْرَتَهُ يَفْضَحْهُ وَلَوْ فِي جَوْفِ رَحْلِهِ". قَالَ: وَنَظَرَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَوْمًا إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ: مَا أَعْظَمَكِ وَأَعْظَمَ حُرْمَتَكِ، وَالْمُؤْمِنُ أَعْظَمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ حُرْمَةً مِنْكِ (٣) . وَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ: قِيلَ لِابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ تَقْطُرُ لِحْيَتُهُ خَمْرًا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّا قَدْ نُهِينَا عَنِ التَّجَسُّسِ، فَإِنْ يَظْهَرْ لَنَا شَيْءٌ نَأْخُذْهُ بِهِ (٤) ﴿وَلَا يَغْتَبْ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا﴾ يَقُولُ:

(١) ذكره القرطبي: ١٦ / ٣٣٠-٣٣١. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب (يا أيها الذين آمنوا اجتنبوا كثيرًا من الظن) الآية، ١٠ / ٤٨٤، ومسلم في البر والصلة، باب تحريم الظن برقم: (٢٥٦٣) : ٤ / ١٩٨٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ١٠٩-١١٠. (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في البر والصلة، باب ما جاء في تعظيم المؤمن: ٦ / ١٨٠-١٨١ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث الحسين بن واقد، وقد روى إسحاق بن إبراهيم السمرقندي عن حسين بن واقد نحوه، وقد روي عن أبي برزة الأسلمي عن النبي ﷺ نحو هذا"، والإمام أحمد: ٤ / ٤٢١، والمصنف في شرح السنة ١٣ / ١٠٤. وأخرجه أبو داود في الأدب، باب في الغيبة: ٧ / ٢١٣-٢١٤ عن أبي برزة الأسلمي ﵁. (٤) أخرجه أبو داود في الأدب، باب في النهي عن التجسس: ٧ / ٢١٩، وعبد الرزاق في المصنف: ١٠ / ٢٣٢، ومن طريق البيهقي في السنن: ٨ / ٣٣٤.