Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/340)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“A bounty and blessing from Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. (8) If two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them. But if one of them transgresses against the other, then fight against the transgressing group until they return to Allah’s command. If they return, then make peace between them with justice, and be equitable. Surely Allah loves those who uphold justice.” (9)

“A bounty”: that is, this was a bounty “from Allah and a blessing. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.”

His saying, exalted is He: “If two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them,” to the end of the verse.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us, 135/b; Musaddad narrated to us; Mu'tamir narrated to us, saying: I heard my father say: Anas said: It was said to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, “If only you would go to Abd Allah ibn Ubayy.” So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, went to him, riding a donkey, while the Muslims walked with him. The land was marshy. When the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, came to him, he said, “Get away from me! By Allah, the stench of your donkey has offended me.” A man from the Ansar who was present said, “By Allah, the donkey of the Messenger of Allah smells better than you.” A man from Abd Allah’s people became angry on his behalf, and the two exchanged insults. The companions of each of them then became angry for him, and they struck one another with palm fronds, their hands, and sandals. We were told that this verse was revealed: “If two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them.” (1)

It is also narrated that, when it was revealed, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, recited it to them, whereupon they reconciled and ceased fighting one another.

Qatadah said: It was revealed concerning two men from the Ansar who had a dispute over a right between them. One of them said to the other, “I shall take my right from you by force,” because of the size of his clan. The other called upon him to submit their case to the Prophet of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, but he refused to follow him. The matter continued between them until they pushed one another and struck each other with their hands and sandals; there was no fighting with swords. (2)

Sufyan narrated from al-Suddi: There was an Ansari woman named Umm Zayd, married to a man. Something arose between her and her husband, so he took her up to an upper chamber and confined her there. When her people learned of this, they came, and his people also came. They fought with their hands and sandals, so Allah, exalted is He, revealed: “If two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them”—by calling them to the judgment of Allah’s Book and to accept what it contains, whether in their favor or against them. (3) “But if one of them transgresses”—that is, if one of them exceeds the proper bounds

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Sulh (Reconciliation), chapter: “What has been reported regarding reconciliation between people,” 5:297; and Muslim in al-Jihad wa al-Siyar, chapter: “The Prophet’s supplication and his patience in the face of the harm of the hypocrites,” no. 1799, 3:1424. (2) Recorded by al-Tabari, 26:129. Al-Suyuti further attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:560, to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn al-Mundhir. (3) Recorded by al-Tabari, 26:128. Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:560-561, to Ibn Abi Hatim.

﴿فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (٨) وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ (٩) ﴾ ﴿فَضْلًا﴾ أَيْ كَانَ هَذَا فَضْلًا ﴿مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً وَاللَّهُ، عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا﴾ الْآيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بن إسماعيل، ١٣٥/ب حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرٌ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: إِنَّ أَنَسًا قَالَ: قِيلَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: لَوْ أَتَيْتَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَرَكِبَ حِمَارًا وَانْطَلَقَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَمْشُونَ مَعَهُ، وَهِيَ أَرْضٌ سَبِخَةٌ، فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِلَيْكَ عَنِّي، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ آذَانِي نَتَنُ حِمَارِكَ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْهُمْ: وَاللَّهِ لِحِمَارُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَطْيَبُ رِيحًا مِنْكَ، فَغَضِبَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ فَتَشَاتَمَا، فَغَضِبَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَصْحَابُهُ، فَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ ضَرْبٌ بِالْجَرِيدِ وَالْأَيْدِي وَالنِّعَالِ، فَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ: "وَإِنَّ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلَحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا" (١) . وَيُرْوَى أَنَّهَا لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ قَرَأَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاصْطَلَحُوا وَكَفَّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي رَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُدَارَاةٌ فِي حَقٍّ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِلْآخَرِ: لَآخُذُنَّ حَقِّي مِنْكَ عَنْوَةً، لِكَثْرَةَ عَشِيرَتِهِ، وَإِنَّ الْآخَرَ دَعَاهُ لِيُحَاكِمَهُ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَتْبَعَهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلِ الْأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى تَدَافَعُوا وَتَنَاوَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا بِالْأَيْدِي وَالنِّعَالِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ قِتَالٌ بِالسُّيُوفِ (٢) . وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ: كَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ زَيْدٍ تَحْتَ رَجُلٍ، وَكَانَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ زَوْجِهَا شَيْءٌ فَرَقِيَ بِهَا إِلَى عُلِّيَّةٍ وَحَبَسَهَا، فَبَلَغَ ذلك قومها فجاؤوا، وَجَاءَ قَوْمُهُ فَاقْتَتَلُوا بِالْأَيْدِي وَالنِّعَالِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: "وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا" بِالدُّعَاءِ إِلَى حُكْمِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَالرِّضَا بِمَا فِيهِ لَهُمَا وَعَلَيْهِمَا (٣) ﴿فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا﴾ تَعَدَّتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا،

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الصلح، باب ما جاء في الإصلاح بين الناس ... : ٥ / ٢٩٧، ومسلم في الجهاد والسير، باب في دعاء النبي ﷺ، وصبره على أذى المنافقين برقم: (١٧٩٩) : ٣ / ١٤٢٤. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ١٢٩، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٦٠ نسبته لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر. (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ١٢٨، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٦٠-٥٦١ لابن أبي حاتم.