Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/338)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Qatadah said: It was revealed concerning some Bedouins of Banu Tamim who came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and called out at his door. (1)

This is also narrated from Jabir, who said: Banu Tamim came and called out at the door, “Come out to us, O Muhammad! Our praise is an adornment, and our censure is a disgrace.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, came out saying, “That is Allah alone: His praise is an adornment, and His censure is a disgrace.”

They said, “We are people of Banu Tamim. We have come with our poets and orators to compete with you in poetry and in boasting.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “I was not sent with poetry, nor was I commanded to engage in boasting; but bring them forward.”

A young man among them stood and mentioned his own merits and those of his people. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, then said to Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shammas, who was the Prophet’s orator, “Rise and answer him.” So he answered him. Then their poet stood and recited some verses, whereupon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Hassan ibn Thabit, “Answer him,” and he answered him.

Then al-Aqra ibn Habis stood and said, “By Allah, Muhammad has indeed been granted something exceptional. I do not understand this matter: our orator spoke, yet their orator was more eloquent; and our poet spoke, yet their poet was a greater poet and more eloquent.” Then he drew near to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him, “What came before this will not harm you.”

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then gave them gifts and clothed them. Amr ibn al-Ahtam, being young in age, had remained behind with their mounts; so the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, gave him the same as He had given them. Some of them disparaged him, voices were raised, and the commotion around the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, became great. Thereupon the four verses were revealed concerning them, beginning, “O believers, do not raise your voices,” and ending with, “All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (2)

Zayd ibn Arqam said: Some Arabs came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and some of them said to the others, “Let us go to this man: if he is a prophet, then we shall be the happiest of people through him; but if he is a king, we shall live under his protection.” So they came and began calling out to him, “O Muhammad! O Muhammad!” Then Allah revealed: “Indeed, most of those who call out to you from behind the private chambers do not understand. Had they been patient until you came out to them, it would have been better for them. And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (3)

“O believers! If an evildoer brings you any news, verify it, lest you harm a people unwittingly and then become regretful for what you have done.” (6)

Regarding His saying, exalted is He, “O believers! If an evildoer brings you any news, verify it”—the verse: it was revealed concerning al-Walid

(1) Recorded by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:230. See also al-Tabari, 26:122; Sirat Ibn Hisham, 2:516. (2) Recorded by al-Wahidi with his chain of transmission in Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 447. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 156: “Al-Tha'labi cited it through Ya'la ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Abd al-Hamid ibn Ja'far, from Umar ibn al-Hakam, from Jabir: ‘Banu Tamim came and entered ...,’” and then related it at length. Al-Tirmidhi recorded its first portion, 9:152–153, from al-Bara ibn Azib and said: “This is a hasan gharib hadith” (sound but singularly transmitted). Imam Ahmad also recorded it, 3:488, from al-Aqra ibn Habis, as did al-Haythami in al-Majma, 7:108, from al-Aqra ibn Habis. He then said: “It was narrated by Ahmad and al-Tabarani. The narrators of one of Ahmad’s two chains are the narrators of the Sahih, provided that Abu Salama heard it from al-Aqra; otherwise, it is mursal (a report with a missing link), as is Ahmad’s other chain.” (3) Recorded by al-Tabari, 26:121. Ibn Hajar mentioned it in al-Matalib al-Aliyah, 3:375, attributing it to Musaddad, Ishaq, and Abu Ya'la. Al-Busiri said: “Its narrators are trustworthy.” Al-Haythami said in al-Majma, 7:108: “It was narrated by al-Tabarani, and its chain includes Dawud ibn Rashid al-Tufawi, whom Ibn Hibban deemed trustworthy, while Ibn Ma'in declared him weak.” See also al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:552–553; al-Qurtubi, 16:309.

وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي نَاسٍ مِنْ أَعْرَابِ بني تميم جاؤوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَنَادَوْا عَلَى الْبَابِ (١) . وَيُرْوَى ذَلِكَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: جَاءَتْ بْنُو تَمِيمٍ فَنَادَوْا عَلَى الْبَابِ: اخْرُجْ إِلَيْنَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَإِنَّ مَدْحَنَا زَيْنٌ، وَذَمَّنَا شَيْنٌ، فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِي مَدْحُهُ زَيْنٌ وَذَمُّهُ شَيْنٌ، فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ نَاسٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ جِئْنَا بِشُعَرَائِنَا وَخُطَبَائِنَا لِنُشَاعِرَكَ وَنُفَاخِرَكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "مَا بِالشِّعْرِ بُعِثْتُ وَلَا بِالْفِخَارِ أُمِرْتُ، وَلَكِنْ هَاتُوا"، فَقَامَ شَابٌّ مِنْهُمْ فَذَكَرَ فَضْلَهُ وَفَضْلَ قَوْمِهِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ، وَكَانَ خَطِيبَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: "قُمْ فَأَجِبْهُ"، فَأَجَابَهُ، وَقَامَ شَاعِرُهُمْ فَذَكَرَ أَبْيَاتًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: "أَجِبْهُ" فَأَجَابَهُ. فَقَامَ الْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَمُؤْتًى لَهُ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي هَذَا الْأَمْرَ، تَكَلَّمَ خَطِيبُنَا فَكَانَ خَطِيبُهُمْ أَحْسَنَ قَوْلًا وَتَكَلَّمَ شَاعِرُنَا فَكَانَ شَاعِرُهُمْ أَشْعَرَ وَأَحْسَنَ قَوْلًا ثُمَّ دَنَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "مَا يَضُرُّكَ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَ هَذَا" ثُمَّ أَعْطَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَسَاهُمْ، وَقَدْ كَانَ تَخَلَّفَ فِي رِكَابِهِمْ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْأَهْتَمِ لِحَدَاثَةِ سِنِّهِ، فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَ مَا أَعْطَاهُمْ، وَأَزْرَى بِهِ بَعْضُهُمْ وَارْتَفَعْتِ الْأَصْوَاتُ وَكَثُرَ اللَّغَطُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنَزَلَ فِيهِمْ: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ" الْآيَاتِ الْأَرْبَعَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: "غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ". (٢) وَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ: جَاءَ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: انْطَلِقُوا بِنَا إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَإِنْ يَكُنْ نَبِيًّا فَنَحْنُ أَسْعَدُ النَّاسِ بِهِ، وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مَلِكًا نَعِشْ في جنابه، فجاؤوا فَجَعَلُوا يُنَادُونَهُ، يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: "إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُنَادُونَكَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْحُجُرَاتِ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ صَبَرُوا حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ إِلَيْهِمْ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ" (٣) . ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَأٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا أَنْ تُصِيبُوا قَوْمًا بِجَهَالَةٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِينَ (٦) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَأٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا﴾ الْآيَةَ، نَزَلَتْ فِي الْوَلِيدِ

(١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ٢٣٠، وانظر: الطبري: ٢٦ / ١٢٢ سيرة ابن هشام: ٢ / ٥١٦. (٢) أخرجه الواحدي بسنده في أسباب النزول ص (٤٤٧) ، وقال الحافظ ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (١٥٦) : "أورده الثعلبي من طريق يعلى بن عبد الرحمن عن عبد الحميد بن جعفر عن عمر بن الحكم عن جابر "جاءت بنو تميم فدخلوا ... " فذكره مطولا. وأخرج المقطع الأول منه الترمذي: ٩ / ١٥٢-١٥٣ عن البراء بن عازب وقال: "هذا حديث حسن غريب". وأخرجه الإمام أحمد: ٣ / ٤٨٨ عن الأقرع بن حابس، والهيثمي في المجمع: ٧ / ١٠٨ عن الأقرع بن حابس ثم قال: "رواه أحمد والطبراني وأحد إسنادي أحمد رجاله رجال الصحيح إن كان أبو سلمة سمع من الأقرع وإلا فهو مرسل كإسناد أحمد الآخر". (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ١٢١. وذكره ابن حجر في المطالب العالية: ٣ / ٣٧٥ ونسبه لمسدد، وإسحاق وأبي يعلى وقال البوصيري: "رجاله ثقات". وقال الهيثمي في المجمع: (٧ / ١٠٨) : "رواه الطبراني وفيه داود بن راشد الطفاوي وثقه ابن حبان وضعفه ابن معين". وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٥٢-٥٥٣، القرطبي: ١٦ / ٣٠٩.