Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/336)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

to his family and found him in the horse-stall. He said to him, “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, is summoning you.” Thabit replied, “Break the bolt.” So he broke it, and they both went to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “What makes you weep, O Thabit?” He replied, “I am loud-voiced, and I fear that this verse may have been revealed concerning me.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Would you not be pleased to live praised, be killed as a martyr, and enter Paradise?” He said, “I am pleased with the glad tidings from Allah and His Messenger, and I shall never again raise my voice above the voice of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.” Then Allah revealed: “Indeed, those who lower their voices in the presence of the Messenger of Allah.”

“Indeed, those who lower their voices in the presence of the Messenger of Allah are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for piety. For them is forgiveness and a tremendous reward.” (3)

“Indeed, those who lower their voices in the presence of the Messenger of Allah”—the verse. (1)

Anas said: We would see a man from among the people of Paradise walking among us. Then, on the day of al-Yamamah, during the battle against Musaylimah the Liar, Thabit saw some weakness among the Muslims, and a group of them fled. He said, “Shame on these people!” Then Thabit said to Salim, the freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah, “This is not how we used to fight the enemies of Allah alongside the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.” Then they both stood firm and fought until they were killed. Thabit was martyred while wearing a coat of mail.

After his death, one of the Companions saw him in a dream, and Thabit said to him: “Know that a certain Muslim man took my coat of mail and went away with it. It is in a part of the camp, beside a horse tethered with a long rope, and he has placed a cooking pot over my coat of mail. Go to Khalid ibn al-Walid and inform him, so that he may recover my coat of mail. Then go to Abu Bakr, the successor of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and tell him: I owe a debt which must be paid, and a certain one of my slaves is to be emancipated.” The man informed Khalid, and he found the coat of mail and the horse exactly as Thabit had described. He recovered the coat of mail, and Khalid informed Abu Bakr of that dream. Abu Bakr then ratified his will. (3)

Malik ibn Anas said: “I know of no will that was ratified after its maker’s death except this one.”

Abu Hurayrah and Ibn Abbas said: When this verse was revealed, Abu Bakr would speak to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, only in a whisper, like one confiding a secret. (4)

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 26:118; and by Ibn Mardawayh through Zayd ibn al-Hubab. Ibn Sad also reported it with an authentic chain of transmission. See Fath al-Bari, 6:620-621. (2) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (3) Reported by Imam Ahmad, 3:137; Abd ibn Humayd, pp. 363-364; Ibn Sad; al-Tabarani; and al-Hakim, through the narration of Hammad ibn Abi Salamah from Thabit. Al-Hakim also reported the lengthy account of the shield and the bequest through another chain from Thabit ibn Qays. See Fath al-Bari, 6:52. Ibn Hajar also cited it in al-Matalib al-Aliyah, 4:120, attributing it to Abu Yala. Al-Busiri said: “Its basis is found in Sahih al-Bukhari and the Sunan of al-Tirmidhi, in the hadith of Anas.” See also Ibn Kathir, 4:207; and Tafsir Abd al-Razzaq, 2:230. (4) Reported by al-Hakim, 2:462, who said: “This hadith is authentic according to Muslim’s criteria, though neither of them recorded it.” Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:548, to Abd ibn Humayd and al-Bayhaqi in Shuab al-Iman. See Fath al-Bari, 8:591; and Majma al-Zawaid, 7:108.

إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَوَجَدَهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْفَرَسِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدْعُوكَ، فَقَالَ: اكْسَرِ الضَّبَّةَ فَكَسَرَهَا، فَأَتَيَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا ثَابِتُ؟ فَقَالَ: أَنَا صَيِّتٌ وَأَتَخَوَّفُ أَنَّ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِيَّ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَمَا تَرْضَى أَنْ تَعِيشَ حَمِيدًا وَتُقْتَلَ شَهِيدًا وَتَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ؟ فَقَالَ: رَضِيتُ بِبُشْرَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَلَا أَرْفَعُ صَوْتِي أَبَدًا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصْوَاتَهُمْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ﴾ . ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصْوَاتَهُمْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ امْتَحَنَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ لِلتَّقْوَى لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ (٣) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصْوَاتَهُمْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ﴾ الْآيَةَ (١) . قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فَكُنَّا نَنْظُرُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ يَمْشِي بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْيَمَامَةِ فِي حَرْبِ مُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابِ، رَأَى ثَابِتٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْضَ الِانْكِسَارِ وَانْهَزَمَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ: أُفٍّ لِهَؤُلَاءِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ ثَابِتٌ لِسَالِمٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ: مَا كُنَّا نُقَاتِلُ (٢) أَعْدَاءَ اللَّهِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَ هَذَا، ثُمَّ ثَبَتَا وَقَاتَلَا حَتَّى قُتِلَا وَاسْتُشْهِدَ ثَابِتٌ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ، فَرَآهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ فِي الْمَنَامِ وَأَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ: اعْلَمْ أَنَّ فُلَانًا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ نَزَعَ دِرْعِي فَذَهَبَ بِهَا وَهِيَ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ مِنَ الْمُعَسْكَرِ عِنْدَ فَرَسٍ يَسِيرٍ فِي طِوَلِهِ، وَقَدْ وَضَعَ عَلَى درعي بُرْمَة، فأت خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ وَأَخْبِرْهُ حَتَّى يسترد درعي، وأت أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقُلْ لَهُ: إِنَّ عَلَيَّ دَيْنًا حَتَّى يُقْضَى، وَفُلَانٌ مِنْ رَقِيقِي عَتِيقٌ، فَأَخْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ خَالِدًا فَوَجَدَ دِرْعَهُ وَالْفَرَسَ عَلَى مَا وَصَفَهُ لَهُ، فَاسْتَرَدَّ الدِّرْعَ، وَأَخْبَرَ خَالِدٌ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بِتِلْكَ الرُّؤْيَا فَأَجَازَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَصِيَّتَهُ (٣) . قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: لَا أَعْلَمَ وَصِيَّةً أُجِيزَتْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ صَاحِبِهَا إِلَّا هَذِهِ. قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يُكَلِّمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا كَأَخِي السِّرَارِ (٤)

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ١١٨، وابن مردويه من طريق زيد بن الحباب. وأخرجه ابن سعد بإسناد صحيح، انظر: فتح الباري: ٦ / ٦٢٠-٦٢١. (٢) ساقط من "أ". (٣) أخرجه الإمام أحمد: ٣ / ١٣٧، وعبد بن حميد: ص٣٦٣-٣٦٤، وابن سعد والطبراني والحاكم، من رواية حماد بن أبي سلمة عن ثابت، وأخرج الحاكم قصة الدرع والوصية مطولة من وجه آخر عن ثابت بن قيس. انظر: فتح الباري: ٦ / ٥٢ وذكره ابن حجر في المطالب العالية: ٤ / ١٢٠ ونسبه لأبي يعلى، وقال البوصيري: وأصله في صحيح البخاري وسنن الترمذي من حديث أنس. وانظر: ابن كثير: ٤ / ٢٠٧، وتفسير عبد الرزاق: ٢ / ٢٣٠. (٤) أخرجه الحاكم: ٢ / ٤٦٢ وقال: "هذا حديث صحيح على شرط مسلم ولم يخرجاه" وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٤٨ لعبد بن حميد والبيهقي في شعب الإيمان. وانظر: فتح الباري: ٨ / ٥٩١، مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١٠٨.