Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/268)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

that which is due from them, according to what is fair.” Ibn Abbas said concerning its meaning: “I like to adorn myself for my wife just as I like my wife to adorn herself for me, because Allah Most High says: ‘And women have rights equivalent to their obligations, according to what is fair.’”

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Marwazi informed us; Abu Sahl Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Tarafah al-Sijzi informed us; Abu Sulayman al-Khattabi informed us; Abu Bakr ibn Dasah informed us; Abu Dawud al-Sijistani informed us; Musa ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Hammad informed us; Abu Qazaʿah Suwayd ibn Hujayr al-Bahili informed us, from Hakim ibn Muʿawiyah al-Qushayri, from his father, who said: I said, “O Messenger of Allah, what right does the wife of one of us have over him?” He said, “That you feed her when you eat, clothe her when you clothe yourself, do not strike her on the face, do not insult her, and do not forsake her except within the house.” (1)

Ismaʿil ibn Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad al-Farisi informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan informed us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj informed us; Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah informed us; Hatim ibn Ismaʿil of Medina informed us, from Jaʿfar ibn Muhammad, from his father, who said: “We visited Jabir ibn Abd Allah, and I said, ‘Tell me about the pilgrimage of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.’ He then recounted the account of the Farewell Pilgrimage, until he mentioned his sermon on the Day of Arafah. He said: ‘So fear Allah regarding women, for they are as captives in your care. You have taken them by Allah’s trust and made their private parts lawful for yourselves by Allah’s word. They are obligated not to allow anyone whom you dislike to tread upon your bedding. If they do so, then strike them with a non-injurious blow. And their provision and clothing are due from you according to what is fair. I have left among you that which, if you hold fast to it, you will never go astray after me: the Book of Allah. You will be questioned concerning me; then what will you say?’ They said, ‘We bear witness that you conveyed the message, fulfilled your duty, and gave sincere counsel.’ Then, raising his forefinger toward the sky and pointing it toward the people, he said, ‘O Allah, bear witness; O Allah, bear witness,’” three times. (2)

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi ⦗37/b⦘ informed us; Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us; Yaʿla ibn Ubayd informed us; Muhammad ibn Amr informed us, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The believers whose faith is most complete are those of best character, and the best of you are those who are best to their wives.” (3)

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud in The Book of Marriage, chapter: “A Woman’s Right over Her Husband,” 3:67-68; and by Ibn Majah in The Book of Marriage, chapter: “A Woman’s Right over Her Husband,” no. 1850, 1:593. Ahmad also reported it, 4:446-447 and 5:3-5, as part of a hadith narrated by Muawiyah ibn Haydah. The compiler also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:160. (2) Its source citation has preceded on p. 219, footnote no. 2. It is part of the hadith concerning the Prophet’s pilgrimage. Reported by Muslim in The Book of Pilgrimage, chapter: “The Prophet’s Pilgrimage,” no. 1218, 2:886. (3) Abu Dawud reported it in The Book of the Sunnah, with the wording: “The believers most complete in faith are those best in character,” 7:44. Al-Darimi also reported it with this wording in The Book of Heart-Softening Narrations, chapter: “Good Character,” 2:323. Al-Tirmidhi reported it in The Book of Suckling, chapter: “What Has Been Reported concerning a Woman’s Right over Her Husband,” 4:325, and said: “Sound and authentic.” Ibn Hibban reported it as no. 1926 and authenticated it. Ahmad reported it, 2:250 and 472, from Abu Hurayrah. The compiler also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:180.

الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ لِلْأَزْوَاجِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي مَعْنَاهُ: إِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَتَزَيَّنَ لِامْرَأَتِي كَمَا تُحِبُّ امْرَأَتِي أَنْ تَتَزَيَّنَ لِي لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ: ﴿وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ السِّجْزِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ أَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ أَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا حَمَّادٌ أَنَا أَبُو قَزَعَةَ سُوِيْدُ بْنُ حُجَيْرٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ عَنِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْقُشَيْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا حَقُّ زَوْجَةِ أَحَدِنَا عَلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ: "أَنْ تُطْعِمَهَا إِذَا طَعِمْتَ، وَأَنْ تَكْسُوَهَا إِذَا اكْتَسَيْتَ وَلَا تَضْرِبَ الْوَجْهَ، وَلَا تُقَبِّحَ، وَلَا تَهْجُرَ إِلَّا فِي الْبَيْتِ" (١) أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ أَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ أَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمَدَنِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: دَخَلْنَا عَلَى جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقُلْتُ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ حَجَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَرَدَ قِصَّةَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ إِلَى أَنْ ذَكَرَ خُطْبَتَهُ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ قَالَ: "فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فِي النِّسَاءِ، فَإِنَّهُنَّ عِوَانٌ عِنْدَكُمْ، فَإِنَّكُمْ أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللَّهِ، وَاسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَةِ اللَّهِ وَلَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ أَنْ لَا يُوطِئْنَ فُرُشَكُمْ أَحَدًا تَكْرَهُونَهُ فَإِنْ فَعَلْنَ ذَلِكَ فَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِّحٍ، وَلَهُنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَقَدْ تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ مَا إِنْ تَمَسَّكْتُمْ بِهِ لَنْ تَضِلُّوا بَعْدَهُ: كِتَابُ اللَّهِ، وَأَنْتُمْ تُسْأَلُونَ عَنِّي فَمَا أَنْتُمْ قَائِلُونَ؟ قَالُوا: نَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ قَدْ بَلَّغْتَ وَأَدَّيْتَ وَنَصَحْتَ، فَقَالَ بِأُصْبُعِهِ السَّبَّابَةِ يَرْفَعُهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَيَنْكُتُهَا إِلَى النَّاسِ اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ" (٢) ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ أَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أحمد الطوسي، ٣٧/ب أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عَبَيْدٍ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ أَكْمَلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِيمَانًا أَحْسَنُهُمْ خُلُقًا وَخِيَارُكُمْ خِيَارُكُمْ لِنِسَائِكُمْ" (٣) .

(١) رواه أبو داود في النكاح - باب: حق المرأة على زوجها ٣ / ٦٧-٦٨. وابن ماجه: في النكاح - باب: في حق المرأة على الزوج برقم (١٨٥٠) ١ / ٥٩٣. رواه أحمد: ٤ / ٤٤٦-٤٤٧ و٥ / ٣-٥ جزء من حدث عن معاوية بن حيدة. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ١٦٠. (٢) سبق تخريجه ص (٢١٩) هامش رقم (٢) . هو جزء من حديث حجة النبي ﷺ. رواه مسلم في الحج - باب: حجة النبي ﷺ برقم: (١٢١٨) ٢ / ٨٨٦. (٣) أبو داود: في السنة: بلفظ (أكمل المؤمنين إيمانا أحسنهم خلقا) : ٧ / ٤٤ وبهذا اللفظ أخرجه الدارمي في الرقاق باب: في حسن الخلق: ٢ / ٣٢٣. والترمذي: في الرضاع - باب: ما جاء في حق المرأة على زوجها ٤ / ٣٢٥ وقال: حسن صحيح. وابن حبان: (١٩٢٦) وصححه. وأحمد: ٢ / ٢٥٠ و٤٧٢ عن أبي هريرة. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ١٨٠.