Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/335)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And fear Allah” concerning neglecting His due and disobeying His command. “Indeed, Allah is All-Hearing” of your words, “All-Knowing” of your deeds.

“O you who believe, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet, nor speak loudly to him as you speak loudly to one another, lest your deeds become worthless while you do not realize it.” (2)

“O you who believe, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet, nor speak loudly to him as you speak loudly to one another.” He commanded them to revere and honor him, not to raise their voices in his presence, and not to address him as they addressed one another. “Lest your deeds become worthless”: that your good deeds may not be rendered void. It was also said: for fear that your good deeds may be rendered void, “while you do not realize it.”

Isma‘il ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan related to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj related to us; Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah related to us; al-Hasan ibn Musa related to us; Hammad ibn Salamah related to us, from Thabit al-Bunani, from Anas ibn Malik, who said: When this verse was revealed—“O you who believe, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet”—to the end of the verse, Thabit ibn Qays remained in his home and said, “I am among the people of the Fire.” He kept away from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, asked Sa‘d ibn Mu‘adh, saying, “O Abu ‘Amr, what is the matter with Thabit? Is he ill?” Sa‘d replied, “He is my neighbor, and I know of no illness he has.” Sa‘d then went to him and conveyed to him what the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had said. Thabit said, “This verse has been revealed, and you know that I am among those who raise their voices most above the voice of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Therefore, I am among the people of the Fire.” Sa‘d mentioned this to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Rather, he is among the people of Paradise.” (1)

It is also related that, when this verse was revealed, Thabit sat in the road weeping. ‘Asim ibn ‘Adi passed by him and asked, “What makes you weep, O Thabit?” He replied, “I fear that this verse was revealed concerning me. I am loud-voiced, and I fear that my deeds may be rendered void and that I may be among the people of the Fire.” ‘Asim went to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, while Thabit was overcome with weeping. Thabit then went to his wife, Jamilah bint Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul, and said to her, “When I enter my horse-stall, fasten the door bolt over me with a nail.” He said, “I shall not leave until Allah causes me to die or the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, is pleased with me.” ‘Asim came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and informed him of what had happened. He said to him, “Go and summon him.” ‘Asim came to the place where he had seen him but did not find him, so he went

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Tafsir, chapter: “Do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet,” 8:590; and by Muslim in al-Iman, chapter: “The Believer’s Fear That His Deeds May Be Rendered Void,” no. 119, 1:110.

﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ﴾ فِي تَضْيِيعِ حَقِّهِ وَمُخَالَفَةِ أَمْرِهِ، ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ﴾ لِأَقْوَالِكُمْ، ﴿عَلِيمٌ﴾ بِأَفْعَالِكُمْ. ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ وَلَا تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ أَنْ تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ (٢) ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ وَلَا تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ﴾ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُبَجِّلُوهُ وَيُفَخِّمُوهُ وَلَا يَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَهُمْ عِنْدَهُ، وَلَا يُنَادُونَهُ كَمَا يُنَادِي بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، ﴿أَنْ تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ﴾ لِئَلَّا تَحْبَطَ حَسَنَاتُكُمْ. وَقِيلَ: مَخَافَةَ أَنْ تَحْبَطَ حَسَنَاتُكُمْ، ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ﴾ . أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ" الْآيَةَ، جَلَسَ ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ فِي بَيْتِهِ وَقَالَ: أَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَاحْتَبَسَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَمْرٍو مَا شَأْنُ ثَابِتٍ أَشْتَكَى؟ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: إِنَّهُ لِجَارِي وَمَا عَلِمْتُ لَهُ شَكْوَى، قَالَ: فَأَتَاهُ سَعْدٌ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ ثَابِتٌ: أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَنِّي مِنْ أَرْفَعِكُمْ صَوْتًا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ سَعْدٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "بَلْ هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ" (١) . وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ قَعَدَ ثَابِتٌ فِي الطَّرِيقِ يَبْكِي، فَمَرَّ بِهِ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ فَقَالَ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا ثَابِتُ؟ فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ أَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ تَكُونَ نَزَلَتْ فِيَّ، وَأَنَا رَفِيعُ الصَّوْتِ أَخَافُ أَنْ يُحْبَطَ عَمَلِي، وَأَنْ أَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، فَمَضَى عَاصِمٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَغَلَبَ ثَابِتًا الْبُكَاءُ، فَأَتَى امْرَأَتَهُ جَمِيلَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ سَلُولَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: إِذَا دَخَلْتُ بَيْتَ فَرَسِي فَشُدِّي عَلَيَّ الضَّبَّةَ بِمِسْمَارٍ، وَقَالَ: لَا أَخْرُجُ حَتَّى يَتَوَفَّانِي اللَّهُ أَوْ يَرْضَى عَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَتَى عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ خَبَرَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: اذْهَبْ فَادْعُهُ، فَجَاءَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي رَآهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدْهُ، فَجَاءَ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير، باب: (لا ترفعوا أصواتكم فوق صوت النبي) الآية، ٨ / ٥٩٠ ومسلم في الإيمان، باب مخافة المؤمن أن يحبط عمله برقم: (١١٩) : ١ / ١١٠.