Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/334)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

in any way.” (1)

Masruq related from Aishah that it concerns the prohibition of fasting on the Day of Doubt; (2) that is, do not fast before your Prophet begins fasting.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il related to us; Ibrahim ibn Musa related to us; ⦗134/b⦘ Hisham ibn Yusuf related to us that Ibn Jurayj informed them, from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, that Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr informed them that a delegation from Banu Tamim came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. Abu Bakr said, “Appoint al-Qa‘qa‘ ibn Ma‘bad ibn Zurarah.” Umar said, “Rather, appoint al-Aqra‘ ibn Habis.” Abu Bakr said, “You only meant to oppose me.” Umar replied, “I did not intend to oppose you.” They disputed until their voices rose, whereupon this was revealed concerning them: “O you who believe, do not put yourselves ahead of Allah and His Messenger,” until the end of the verse. (3)

Nafi‘ also related it from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, saying: Then it was revealed: “O you who believe, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet,” up to His words, “a tremendous reward.” He added: Ibn al-Zubayr said, “After this verse, Umar would speak so quietly to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, that he would have to ask him to repeat himself.” He did not mention this of his father—that is, Abu Bakr. (4)

Qatadah said: The verse was revealed concerning people who would say, “If only something were revealed concerning such-and-such, or such-and-such were done.” Allah disliked this. (5)

Mujahid said: Do not act unilaterally in any matter ahead of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, until Allah decides it upon his tongue. (6)

Al-Dahhak said: This means that in fighting and in the ordinances of religion, do not decide any matter apart from Allah and His Messenger.

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Eidayn (The Two Eids), chapter: “The Sermon after Eid,” 2:453. (2) See al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 155. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Tafsir, chapter: “Indeed, those who call you from behind the private chambers—most of them do not understand,” 8:592; and in al-Maghazi and al-I'tisam bi al-Kitab wa al-Sunnah. (4) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Tafsir, chapter: “Do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet,” 8:590. (5) Reported by al-Tabari, 26:117, and by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:230. See also al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 155; al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:105; and al-Qurtubi, 16:301. (6) Reported by al-Tabari, 26:116. Al-Suyuti further attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:547, to Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Shu'ab. See also al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:105; and al-Qurtubi, 16:301.

فِي شَيْءٍ" (١) . وَرَوَى مَسْرُوقٌ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهُ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الشَّكِّ (٢) ، أَيْ: لَا تَصُومُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصُومَ نَبِيُّكُمْ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بن موسى، ١٣٤/ب حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَّ ابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ رَكْبٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَمِّرِ الْقَعْقَاعَ مَعْبَدَ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: بَلْ أَمِّرِ الْأَقْرَعَ بْنَ حَابِسٍ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: مَا أَرَدْتَ إِلَّا خِلَافِي، قَالَ عُمَرُ: مَا أَرَدْتُ خِلَافَكَ، فَتَمَارَيَا حَتَّى ارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمَا، فَنَزَلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ" حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ (٣) . وَرَوَاهُ نَافِعٌ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَلِيكَةَ، قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ" إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: "أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ"، وَزَادَ: قَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: فَمَا كَانَ عُمَرُ يُسْمِعُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ حَتَّى يَسْتَفْهِمَهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، يَعْنِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ (٤) . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ فِي نَاسٍ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: لَوْ أُنْزِلَ فِي كَذَا، أَوْ صُنِعَ فِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَكَرِهَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ (٥) . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: لَا تَفْتَاتُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِشَيْءٍ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ (٦) . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: يَعْنِي فِي الْقِتَالِ وَشَرَائِعِ الدِّينِ لَا تَقْضُوا أَمْرًا دُونَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري: في العيدين، باب الخطبة بعد العيد: ٢ / ٤٥٣. (٢) انظر الكافي الشاف ص (١٥٥) . (٣) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير: باب (إن الذين ينادونك من وراء الحجرات أكثرهم لا يعقلون) ٨ / ٥٩٢، وفي المغازي، وفي الاعتصام بالكتاب والسنة. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير، باب (لا ترفعوا أصواتكم فوق صوت النبي) الآية، ٨ / ٥٩٠. (٥) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ١١٧، وعبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ٢٣٠. وانظر: الكافي الشاف ص (١٥٥) ، البحر المحيط: ٨ / ١٠٥، القرطبي: ١٦ / ٣٠١. (٦) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ١١٦، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٤٧ عزوه لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر وابن مردويه والبيهقي في الشعب. وانظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ١٠٥، القرطبي: ١٦ / ٣٠١.