Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/330)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Hujurat is a Medinan surah. (1)

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

“O you who believe, do not put yourselves ahead of Allah and His Messenger, and fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” (1)

Regarding His words, “O you who believe, do not put yourselves ahead of Allah and His Messenger,” Ya‘qub recited lā taqaddamū (do not go ahead), with a fatḥah on the tāʾ and the dāl, derived from taqaddum (going ahead); that is, do not go ahead. The other reciters read it with a ḍammah on the tāʾ and a kasrah on the dāl, derived from taqdīm (putting forward), which here is intransitive with the meaning of going ahead. Abu ‘Ubaydah said: (2) The Arabs say, “Do not go ahead of the imam or of one’s father,” meaning: do not hasten to issue commands or prohibitions without him. The expression “before the hands” means ahead and in front. Thus, the meaning is: do not go ahead of their commands and prohibitions.

They differed concerning its meaning. Al-Sha‘bi related from Jabir that it concerns slaughtering on the Day of Sacrifice, and this was also the view of al-Hasan: do not slaughter before the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, has slaughtered. This was because some people slaughtered before the Prophet’s prayer, so he commanded them to repeat the slaughter. (3)

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il related to us; Sulayman ibn Harb related to us; Shu‘bah related to us, from Yazid, from al-Sha‘bi, from al-Bara’, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, delivered a sermon to us on the Day of Sacrifice and said: “The first thing we do on this day is pray; then we return and slaughter. Whoever does that has followed our sunnah. But whoever slaughters before we pray has merely hastened meat for his family; it is not part of the sacrificial rite.”

(1) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:546, to Ibn al-Durays, al-Nahhas, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi, from Ibn Abbas, who said: Surah al-Hujurat was revealed in Medina. (2) The text in parentheses is an addition from manuscript “B.” (3) Reported by al-Tabari, 26:117, and Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:230. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:547, to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn al-Mundhir. It should be noted that this conflicts with the authentic connected reports concerning the occasion of revelation of the verse. Thus, the statements of al-Hasan and Jabir fall under the general meaning of the verse, rather than constituting its occasion of revelation.

سُورَةُ الْحُجُرَاتِ مَدَنِيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (١) ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ قَرَأَ يَعْقُوبُ: "لَا تَقَدَّمُوا" بِفَتْحِ التَّاءِ وَالدَّالِ، مِنَ التَّقَدُّمِ أَيْ لَا تَتَقَدَّمُوا، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِضَمِّ التَّاءِ وَكَسْرِ الدَّالِ، مِنَ التَّقْدِيمِ، وَهُوَ لَازِمٌ بِمَعْنَى التَّقَدُّمِ، [قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ] (٢) : تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: لَا تَقَدَّمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْإِمَامِ وَبَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْأَبِ، أَيْ لَا تُعَجِّلْ بِالْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ دُونَهُ، وَالْمَعْنَى: بَيْنَ الْيَدَيْنِ الْأَمَامُ. وَالْقُدَّامُ: أَيْ لَا تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَمْرِهِمَا وَنَهْيِهِمَا. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي مَعْنَاهُ: رَوَى الشَّعْبِيُّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّهُ فِي الذَّبْحِ يَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ، أَيْ لَا تَذْبَحُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ نَاسًا ذَبَحُوا قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُعِيدُوا الذَّبْحَ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثْنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، قَالَ: "إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا نَبْدَأُ بِهِ فِي يَوْمِنَا هَذَا أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ، ثُمَّ نَرْجِعَ فَنَنْحَرَ، فَمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَصَابَ سُنَّتَنَا، وَمَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ لَحْمٌ عَجَّلَهُ لِأَهْلِهِ لَيْسَ مِنَ النُّسُكَ

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٤٦، لابن الضريس والنحاس وابن مردويه والبيهقي عن ابن عباس ﵄ قال: نزلت سورة الحجرات بالمدينة. (٢) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ١١٧، وعبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ٢٣٠، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٤٧ أيضا لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر. ويلاحظ أن هذا مخالف للروايات المسندة الصحيحة في سبب نزول الآية، فيكون كلام الحسن وجابر إنما هو داخل في عموم الآية لا أنه سبب لنزولها.