Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/321)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Some scholars said that “We would certainly have punished” is the answer to two statements: the first, “Had there not been believing men,” and the second, “Had they been separated.” Then He said: “So that Allah may admit into His mercy whomever He wills,” meaning the believing men and women.

His saying, “into His mercy,” means into His Paradise. Qatadah said concerning this verse: “Allah repels the disbelievers by means of the believers, just as He repelled the polytheists of Makkah by means of the oppressed believers.”

“When the disbelievers filled their hearts with zealotry—the zealotry of the Age of Ignorance—Allah then sent down His tranquillity upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and bound them to the word of piety; they were more entitled to it and worthy of it. And Allah is Knowing of all things.” (26)

“When the disbelievers filled their hearts with zealotry,” when they barred the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and his Companions from the House, refused to acknowledge “In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful,” and denied that Muhammad was the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Zealotry means pride and indignation. It is said, “So-and-so possesses zealotry,” when he is given to anger and pride.

Muqatil said: The people of Makkah said, “They have killed our sons and our brothers, and then they would enter upon us, [so that the Arabs would say that they entered upon us] (1) despite us. By al-Lat and al-Uzza, they shall not enter it against our will!” This was the “zealotry of the Age of Ignorance” that entered their hearts.

“Allah then sent down His tranquillity upon His Messenger and upon the believers,” so that they were not overcome by the same zealotry that had overcome the disbelievers, and thus disobey Allah by fighting them. “And bound them to the word of piety.” Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, al-Dahhak, Qatadah, Ikrimah, al-Suddi, Ibn Zayd, and most commentators said: The word of piety is “There is no god but Allah.” (2)

It was also narrated from Ubayy ibn Kab, in a report traced back to the Prophet.

Ali and Ibn Umar said: “The word of piety” is “There is no god but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest.” (3)

Ata ibn Abi Rabah said: It is: “There is no god but Allah alone, without partner. To Him belongs all dominion, and to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things.” (4)

(1) The text within brackets is omitted in manuscript “A.” (2) See al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:536-537. (3) Reported by al-Tabari, 26:104. See also al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:99. (4) Reported by al-Tabari, 26:105. See also al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:99.

وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: "لَعَذَّبْنَا" جَوَابٌ لِكَلَامَيْنِ أَحَدِهِمَا: "لَوْلَا رِجَالٌ"، وَالثَّانِي: "لَوْ تَزَيَّلُوا"، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿لِيُدْخِلَ اللَّهُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ﴾ يَعْنِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ. وقوله: ﴿فِي رَحْمَتِهِ﴾ أي جنته. وقال قتادة في هذه الآية: إن الله يدفع بالمؤمنين عن الكفار كما دفع بالمستضعفين من المؤمنين عن مشركي مكة. ﴿إِذْ جَعَلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْحَمِيَّةَ حَمِيَّةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَلْزَمَهُمْ كَلِمَةَ التَّقْوَى وَكَانُوا أَحَقَّ بِهَا وَأَهْلَهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا (٢٦) ﴾ ﴿إِذْ جَعَلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْحَمِيَّةَ﴾ حِينَ صَدُّوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ، وَلَمْ يُقِرُّوا بِبَسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَأَنْكَرُوا مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالْحَمِيَّةُ: الْأَنَفَةُ، يُقَالُ: فَلَانَ ذُو حَمِيَّةٍ إِذَا كَانَ ذَا غَضَبٍ وَأَنَفَةٍ. قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: قَالَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ: قَدْ قَتَلُوا أَبْنَاءَنَا وَإِخْوَانَنَا ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُونَ عَلَيْنَا، [فَتَتَحَدَّثُ الْعَرَبُ أَنَّهُمْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْنَا] (١) عَلَى رَغْمِ أَنْفِنَا، وَاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى لَا يَدْخُلُونَهَا عَلَيْنَا، فَهَذِهِ "حَمِيَّةُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ"، الَّتِي دَخَلَتْ قُلُوبَهُمْ. ﴿فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ حَتَّى لَمْ يَدْخُلْهُمْ مَا دَخْلَهُمْ مِنَ الْحَمِيَّةِ فَيَعْصُوا اللَّهَ فِي قِتَالِهِمْ، ﴿وَأَلْزَمَهُمْ كَلِمَةَ التَّقْوَى﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ، وقَتَادَةُ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ، وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَأَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ: كَلِمَةُ التَّقْوَى "لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ" (٢) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ مَرْفُوعًا. وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ: "كَلِمَةُ التَّقْوَى" لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ (٣) . وَقَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ: هِيَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (٤) .

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٢) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٣٦-٥٣٧. (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ١٠٤، وانظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٩٩. (٤) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ١٠٥، وانظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٩٩.