Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/313)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ismail ibn Abd al-Qahir ⦗131/b⦘ informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan narrated to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj narrated to us; Amr ibn Muhammad al-Naqid narrated to us; Yazid ibn Harun informed us; Hammad ibn Salamah informed us, from Thabit, from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him: Eighty armed men from the people of Mecca descended upon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, from Mount Tan‘im, intending treachery against the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his Companions. He captured them without a fight and spared their lives. Thereupon Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse: “And He is the One who restrained their hands from you and your hands from them in the heart of Mecca, after He had given you victory over them.” (1)

Abdullah ibn Mughaffal al-Muzani said: “We were with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, at al-Hudaybiyyah, at the base of the tree which Allah, exalted is He, mentioned in the Quran. A branch from that tree lay upon his back, so I lifted it away from him. Ali ibn Abi Talib was before him, writing the treaty of reconciliation. Then thirty armed young men came out against us and rushed upon us. The Prophet of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed against them, and Allah deprived them of their sight. We then went to them and captured them. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to them, ‘Did you come under a covenant, or has anyone granted you safe-conduct?’ They replied, ‘No, by Allah.’ So he let them go. (2) [Thereupon Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse.] (3)

“They are the ones who disbelieved and obstructed you from the Sacred Mosque, while the sacrificial animals were prevented from reaching their place of sacrifice. Had it not been for believing men and believing women whom you did not know—lest you should trample them and thereby incur blame without knowing—it would have been otherwise, so that Allah might admit whom He wills into His mercy. Had they been distinct from one another, We would surely have punished those among them who disbelieved with a painful punishment.” (25)

His words, exalted is He: “They are the ones who disbelieved and obstructed you from the Sacred Mosque,” to the end of the verse. Al-Zuhri narrated from Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, from al-Miswar ibn Makhramah and Marwan ibn al-Hakam, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, set out from Medina in the year of al-Hudaybiyyah with some fourteen hundred of his Companions, intending to visit the House and not intending to fight. He drove with him seventy sacrificial camels, while the people numbered seven hundred men; each camel was on behalf of ten men. When he reached Dhu al-Hulayfah, he garlanded and marked the sacrificial animals, and entered into ihram for Umrah from there. He sent a scout from Khuza‘ah to bring him news of Quraysh.

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, continued until he reached Ghadir al-Ashtat, near Usfan. His Khuza‘i scout came to him and said, “Quraysh have assembled their forces against you, and they have gathered the Ahabish, their allied clans. They are prepared to fight you and bar you from the House.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “O people, counsel me: do you think

(1) Muslim, al-Jihad, chapter on Allah's statement, “It is He who withheld their hands from you,” hadith no. 1808, 3:1442. (2) Al-Nasai, al-Tafsir, 2:312-313; al-Tabari, 26:93-94. Al-Hakim authenticated it, 2:460, according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs, and al-Dhahabi concurred. Al-Bayhaqi, al-Sunan, 6:319. Al-Haythami said in al-Majma, 6:145: “Ahmad narrated it, and its narrators are those of the Sahih.” Ibn Hajar likewise authenticated it in Fath al-Bari, 5:351. Al-Suyuti added in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:532, that it was also narrated by Abu Nuaym in al-Dalail and by Ibn Mardawayh. (3) The text within the brackets is omitted in manuscript B.

أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عبد القاهر ١٣١/ب أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّاقِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ﵃: أَنَّ ثَمَانِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، هَبَطُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ جَبَلِ التَّنْعِيمِ مُتَسَلِّحِينَ يُرِيدُونَ غَدْرَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَأَخَذَهُمْ سِلْمًا فَاسْتَحْيَاهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: "وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ". (١) قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُغَفَّلٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي أَصْلِ الشَّجَرَةِ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي الْقُرْآنِ، وَعَلَى ظَهْرِهِ غُصْنٌ مِنْ أَغْصَانِ تِلْكَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَرَفَعْتُهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ يَكْتُبُ كِتَابَ الصُّلْحِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا ثَلَاثُونَ شَابًّا عَلَيْهِمُ السِّلَاحُ فَثَارُوا فِي وُجُوهِنَا، فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَ اللَّهُ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ فَقُمْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "جِئْتُمْ فِي عَهْدٍ؟ أَوْ هَلْ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ أَحَدٌ أَمَانًا؟ " فَقَالُوا: اللَّهُمَّ لَا فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُمْ (٢) ، [فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ] (٣) . ﴿هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْهَدْيَ مَعْكُوفًا أَنْ يَبْلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ وَلَوْلَا رِجَالٌ مُؤْمِنُونَ وَنِسَاءٌ مُؤْمِنَاتٌ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوهُمْ أَنْ تَطَئُوهُمْ فَتُصِيبَكُمْ مِنْهُمْ مَعَرَّةٌ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ لِيُدْخِلَ اللَّهُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ لَوْ تَزَيَّلُوا لَعَذَّبْنَا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا (٢٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ﴾ الْآيَةَ. رَوَى الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ وَمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِائَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، يُرِيدُونَ زِيَارَةَ الْبَيْتِ، لَا يُرِيدُ قِتَالًا وَسَاقَ مَعَهُ سَبْعِينَ بَدَنَةً، وَالنَّاسُ سَبْعُمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ، وَكَانَتْ كُلُّ بَدَنَةٍ عَنْ عَشَرَةِ نَفَرٍ، فَلَمَّا أَتَى ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ قَلَّدَ الْهَدْيَ وَأَشْعَرَهُ وَأَحْرَمَ مِنْهَا بِعُمْرَةٍ، وَبَعَثَ عَيْنًا لَهُ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ يُخْبِرُهُ عَنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَسَارَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حَتَّى كَانَ بِغَدِيرِ الْأَشْطَاطِ قَرِيبًا مِنْ عُسْفَانَ، أَتَاهُ عَيْنَةُ الْخُزَاعِيُّ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا قَدْ جَمَعُوا لَكَ جُمُوعًا، وَقَدْ جَمَعُوا لَكَ الْأَحَابِيشَ، وَهُمْ مُقَاتِلُوكَ وَصَادُّوكَ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "أَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَتَرَوْنَ

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الجهاد، باب قول الله تعالى "وهو الذي كف أيديهم عنكم" الآية برقم: (١٨٠٨) : ٣ / ١٤٤٢. (٢) أخرجه النسائي في التفسير: ٢ / ٣١٢-٣١٣، والطبري: ٢٦ / ٩٣-٩٤، وصححه الحاكم: ٢ / ٤٦٠ على شرط الشيخين ووافقه الذهبي، والبيهقي في السنن: ٦ / ٣١٩. قال الهيثمي في المجمع: (٦ / ١٤٥) : "رواه أحمد ورجاله رجال الصحيح"، وصححه ابن حجر في الفتح: ٥ / ٣٥١، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٣٢ عزوه لأبي نعيم في الدلائل، ولابن مردويه. (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب".