Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/307)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, whenever he went on campaign against a people with us, would not launch an attack until morning came and he could observe them. If he heard the call to prayer, he would refrain from attacking them; but if he did not hear the call to prayer, he would attack them. He said: We set out for Khaybar and reached them by night. When morning came and he had not heard the call to prayer, he mounted, and I rode behind Abu Talhah, with my foot touching the foot of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.

He said: They came out to us carrying their baskets and spades. When they saw the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, they cried, “Muhammad—by Allah—Muhammad and the army!” When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, saw them, he said, “Allah is Most Great! Allah is Most Great! Khaybar is ruined. When We descend upon the courtyard of a people, evil indeed is the morning of those who were warned.” (1)

Isma‘il ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan related to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj related to us; Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Darimi related to us; Abu ‘Ali al-Hanafi, Ubayd Allah ibn Abd al-Majid, informed us; ‘Ikrimah ibn ‘Ammar related to us; Iyas ibn Salamah related to us; my father related to me, who said: … We set out for Khaybar with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. He said: My uncle, ‘Amir, began chanting for the troops:

By Allah, had it not been for Allah, we would not have found the way;
neither would we have given charity, nor performed the prayer.
We can never do without Your bounty;
so make our feet firm when we meet [the enemy],
[and send down tranquillity upon us.] (2)

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Who is this?” He replied, “I am ‘Amir.” He said, “May your Lord forgive you.” Salamah said: Whenever the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed specifically for a person’s forgiveness, that person was martyred. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, who was upon one of his camels, called out, “O Prophet of Allah, if only you had allowed us to enjoy ‘Amir longer!”

When we arrived at Khaybar, their king, Marhab, came out, swaggering with his sword and saying:

[Khaybar] (3) knows that I am Marhab,
fully armed, a seasoned champion,
when wars come blazing forth.

My uncle, ‘Amir, came forth to face him and said:

Khaybar knows that I am ‘Amir,
fully armed, a daring champion.

They exchanged two blows. Marhab’s sword struck ‘Amir’s shield, and ‘Amir aimed a low blow at him; but his sword rebounded upon himself (4) and severed a vein in his arm, from which he died. Salamah said: I went out and found some of the Prophet’s Companions ⦗130/b⦘ saying, “ ‘Amir’s deeds have come to nothing; he killed himself.” So I went to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, weeping, and said, “O Messenger of

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari, al-Adhan, chapter: “What the adhan protects of blood,” 2:89-90; by Muslim, al-Jihad wa al-Siyar, chapter on the Expedition of Khaybar, no. 1365, 3:1426-1427; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:58-59. (2) The text within the parentheses is an addition from manuscript B. (3) Omitted in manuscript A. (4) Omitted in manuscript A.

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: كَانَ إِذَا غَزَا بِنَا قَوْمًا لَمْ يَكُنْ يُغِيرُ بِنَا حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ وَيَنْظُرَ، فَإِنْ سَمِعَ أَذَانًا كَفَّ عَنْهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ أَذَانًا أَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ: فَخَرَجْنَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ لَيْلًا فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ أَذَانًا رَكِبَ وَرَكِبْتُ خَلْفَ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ وَإِنَّ قَدَمِي لَتَمَسُّ قَدَمَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: قَالَ: فَخَرَجُوا إِلَيْنَا بِمَكَاتِلِهِمْ وَمَسَاحِيِّهِمْ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالُوا: مُحَمَّدٌ-وَاللَّهِ-مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ، إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَّلَنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدَّارِمَيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَنَفِيُّ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِيَاسُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: ... خَرَجْنَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ فَجَعَلَ عَمِّي عَامِرٌ يَرْتَجِزُ بِالْقَوْمِ: تَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا اللَّهُ مَا اهْتَدَيْنَا ... وَلَا تَصَدَّقْنَا وَلَا صَلَّيْنَا وَنَحْنُ عَنْ فَضْلِكَ مَا اسْتَغْنَيْنَا ... فَثَبِّتِ الْأَقْدَامَ إِنْ لَاقَيْنَا [وَأَنْزِلَنْ سَكِينَةً عَلَيْنَا] (٢) فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ هَذَا؟ " فَقَالَ: أَنَا عَامِرٌ، قَالَ: "غَفَرَ لَكَ رَبُّكَ"، قَالَ: وَمَا اسْتَغْفَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِإِنْسَانٍ يَخُصُّهُ إِلَّا اسْتُشْهِدَ، قَالَ: فَنَادَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَهُوَ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ لَوْلَا مَتَّعْتَنَا بِعَامِرٍ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا خَيْبَرَ خَرَجَ مَلِكُهُمْ مَرْحَبٌ يَخْطُرُ بِسَيْفِهِ يَقُولُ: قَدْ عَلِمَتْ [خَيْبَرُ] (٣) أَنِّي مَرْحَبُ ... شَاكِي السِّلَاحِ بَطَلٌ مُجَرَّبُ إِذَا الْحُرُوبُ أَقْبَلَتْ تُلَهَّبُ قَالَ: وَبَرَزَ لَهُ عَمِّي عَامِرٌ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَلِمَتْ خَيْبَرُ أَنِّي عَامِرُ ... شَاكِي السِّلَاحِ بَطَلٌ مُغَامِرُ قَالَ: فَاخْتَلَفَا ضَرْبَتَيْنِ، فَوَقَعَ سَيْفُ مَرْحَبٍ فِي تِرْسِ عَامِرٍ وَذَهَبَ عَامِرٌ يَسْفُلُ لَهُ، فَرَجَعَ سَيْفَهُ [عَلَى نَفْسِهِ] (٤) فَقَطَعَ أَكْحَلَهُ، وَكَانَتْ فِيهَا نَفْسُهُ. قَالَ سَلَمَةُ: فَخَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا نَفَرٌ مِنْ أصحاب النبي ١٣٠/ب ﷺ يَقُولُونَ: بَطَلَ عَمَلُ عَامِرٍ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ، قَالَ: فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَنَا أَبْكِي، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأذان، باب: ما يحقن بالأذان من الدماء: ٢ / ٨٩-٩٠، ومسلم في الجهاد والسير، باب غزوة خيبر برقم: (١٣٦٥) : ٣ / ١٤٢٦-١٤٢٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٥٨-٥٩. (٢) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٣) ساقط من "أ". (٤) ساقط من "أ".