Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/306)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Muhammad ibn Rumh related to us; al-Layth ibn Sa'd related to us, from Abu al-Zubayr, from Jabir, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “None of those who pledged allegiance beneath the tree shall enter the Fire.” (1)

His saying, exalted is He: “He knew what was in their hearts”—of sincerity and faithfulness—“so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with a near victory,” meaning the conquest of Khaybar.

“And abundant spoils which they will take. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise (19). Allah has promised you abundant spoils which you will take; so He hastened this for you and restrained the hands of the people from you, so that it might be a sign for the believers and that He might guide you to a straight path (20).”

“And abundant spoils which they will take”: from the wealth of the Jews of Khaybar. Khaybar possessed landed estates and wealth, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, divided it among them. “And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.”

“Allah has promised you abundant spoils which you will take”: these are the conquests that would be opened for them until the Day of Resurrection. “So He hastened this for you,” meaning Khaybar; “and restrained the hands of the people from you.” When the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, set out for Khaybar and besieged its people, tribes from Banu Asad and Ghatafan contemplated raiding the Muslim families and children in Medina. But Allah restrained their hands by casting fear into their hearts.

It is also said that “He restrained the hands of the people from you” refers to the people of Mecca, through the treaty. “So that it might be”—that is, their being restrained and your safety—“a sign for the believers,” proving your truthfulness, so that they may know that Allah is the One who undertakes their protection and guardianship, whether they are present or absent. “And that He might guide you to a straight path”: that He may keep you firm upon Islam and increase you in insight and certainty through the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the conquest of Khaybar. For when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, returned from Hudaybiyyah, he remained in Medina for the rest of Dhu al-Hijjah and part of Muharram; then, during the remainder of Muharram in the seventh year, he set out for Khaybar.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Qutaybah ibn Sa'id related to us; Isma'il ibn Ja'far related to us, from Humayd, from Anas ibn Malik.

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud, al-Sunnah, chapter on the caliphs, 7:31; al-Tirmidhi, al-Manaqib, chapter on the virtue of those who pledged beneath the Tree, 10:362, where he said: “This hadith is sound and authentic”; al-Nasai, al-Tafsir, 2:310; and Imam Ahmad, 3:350. Muslim also reported, from Jabir, that Umm Mubashshir heard the Prophet, peace be upon him, say in the presence of Hafsa: “None of those who pledged beneath the Tree shall enter the Fire, Allah willing.” ... He then mentioned the account of Hafsa bint Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both. See Sahih Muslim, The Virtues of the Companions, chapter on the virtues of the Companions of the Tree, no. 2496, 4:1942.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رُمْحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَا يَدْخُلُ النَّارَ أَحَدٌ مِمَّنْ بَايَعَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ" (١) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ﴾ مِنَ الصِّدْقِ وَالْوَفَاءِ، ﴿فَأَنْزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ﴾ الطُّمَأْنِينَةَ وَالرِّضَا، ﴿عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا﴾ يَعْنِي فَتْحَ خَيْبَرَ. ﴿وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً يَأْخُذُونَهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا (١٩) وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَذِهِ وَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَ النَّاسِ عَنْكُمْ وَلِتَكُونَ آيَةً لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَاطًا مُسْتَقِيمًا (٢٠) ﴾ ﴿وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً يَأْخُذُونَهَا﴾ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ يَهُودِ خَيْبَرَ، وَكَانَتْ خَيْبَرُ ذَاتَ عَقَارٍ وَأَمْوَالٍ، فَاقْتَسَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ ﴿وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا﴾ . ﴿وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا﴾ وَهِيَ الْفُتُوحُ الَّتِي تُفْتَحُ لَهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، ﴿فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَذِهِ﴾ يَعْنِي خَيْبَرَ، ﴿وَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَ النَّاسِ عَنْكُمْ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا قَصَدَ خَيْبَرَ وَحَاصَرَ أَهْلَهَا هَمَّتْ قَبَائِلُ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ وَغَطَفَانَ أَنْ يُغِيرُوا عَلَى عِيَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَذَرَارِيِّهِمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَكَفَّ اللَّهُ أَيْدِيَهُمْ بِإِلْقَاءِ الرُّعْبِ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ، وَقِيلَ: كَفَّ أَيْدِيَ النَّاسِ عَنْكُمْ يَعْنِي أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ بِالصُّلْحِ، ﴿وَلِتَكُونَ﴾ كَفُّهُمْ وَسَلَامَتُكُمْ، ﴿آيَةً لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ عَلَى صِدْقِكَ وَيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمُتَوَلِّي حِيَاطَتَهُمْ وَحِرَاسَتَهُمْ فِي مَشْهَدِهِمْ وَمَغِيبِهِمْ، ﴿وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَاطًا مُسْتَقِيمًا﴾ يُثَبِّتُكُمْ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَيَزِيدُكُمْ بَصِيرَةً وَيَقِينًا بِصُلْحِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، وَفَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا رَجَعَ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَقَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بَقِيَّةَ ذِي الْحَجَّةِ وَبَعْضَ الْمُحَرَّمِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فِي بَقِيَّةِ الْمُحَرَّمِ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في السنة، باب: في الخلفاء: ٧ / ٣١، والترمذي في المناقب باب: ما جاء في فضل من بايع تحت الشجرة: ١٠ / ٣٦٢ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن صحيح" والنسائي في التفسير: ٢ / ٣١٠، والإمام أحمد: ٣ / ٣٥٠. وأخرجه مسلم من حديث جابر، عن أم مبشر أنها سمعت النبي ﷺ يقول عند حفصة: "لا يدخل النار، إن شاء الله، من أصحاب الشجرة أحد، الذين بايعوا تحتها" ... وذكر قصة حفصة بنت عمر ﵂. انظر: صحيح مسلم، كتاب فضائل الصحابة، باب: من فضائل أصحاب الشجرة برقم: (٢٤٩٦) : ٤ / ١٩٤٢.