Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/304)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

nor is there blame upon the lame, nor upon the sick. Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him into gardens beneath which rivers flow; but whoever turns away, He will punish him with a painful punishment.” The reciters of Medina and Syria recited, “We shall admit him” and “We shall punish him,” with nun in both words, whereas the others recited them with ya, in view of His words: “Whoever obeys Allah.”

“Allah was certainly pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you beneath the tree. He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent victory (18).”

“Allah was certainly pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you” at Hudaybiyyah, pledging to engage Quraysh in battle and not flee, “beneath the tree,” which was an acacia tree (1). Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib said: My father told me that he was among those who pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, beneath the tree. He said: “When we went out the following year, we had forgotten its location and were unable to find it” (2).

It is related that Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, passed by that place after the tree had disappeared and asked, “Where was it?” Some began saying, “It was here,” while others said, “It was here.” When their disagreement became extensive, he said, “Move on; the tree is gone” (3).

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail related to us; Ali ibn Abd Allah related to us; Sufyan related to us. Amr said: I heard Jabir ibn Abd Allah say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to us on the day of Hudaybiyyah, “You are the best people on earth.” We were 1,400, and had I been able to see today, I would have shown you the place of the tree (4).

Ismail ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan related to us, from Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, who said: Muhammad ibn Hatim related to us; Hajjaj related to us, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: Abu al-Zubayr told me that he heard Jabir being asked, “How many were they on the day of Hudaybiyyah?” He replied, “We were 1,400. We pledged allegiance to him while Umar was holding the Prophet’s hand beneath the tree, which was an acacia. We all pledged allegiance to him except Jadd ibn Qays al-Ansari, who hid beneath the belly of his camel” (5).

Salim narrated from Jabir: “We were 1,500” (6).

(1) Samurah, with the mim pronounced with u, is a type of talh tree, a large tree belonging to the thorn trees. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, chapter: The Expedition of al-Hudaybiyyah, 7:447. (3) See al-Tabari, 26:87. (4) Reported by al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, chapter: The Expedition of al-Hudaybiyyah, 7:443; Muslim, al-Imarah, chapter: The Imam's Pledge from the Army When Intending to Fight, no. 1856, 3:1484; and the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:195. (5) Reported by Muslim, al-Imarah, chapter: The Recommendation of the Imam's Pledge from the Army When Intending to Fight, no. 1856, 3:1483. (6) Part of a hadith reported by al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, chapter: The Expedition of al-Hudaybiyyah, 7:441.

﴿وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّ يُعَذِّبْهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالشَّامِ "نُدْخِلْهُ" وَ"نُعَذِّبْهُ" بِالنُّونِ فِيهِمَا، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالْيَاءِ لِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ﴾ . ﴿لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا (١٨) ﴾ ﴿لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ﴾ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ عَلَى أَنْ يُنَاجِزُوا قُرَيْشًا وَلَا يَفِرُّوا، ﴿تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ﴾ وَكَانَتْ سَمُرَةً (١) ، قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: حَدَثَّنِي أَبِي أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيمَنْ بَايَعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا خَرَجْنَا مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ نَسِينَاهَا فَلَمْ نَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهَا (٢) . وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ مَرَّ بِذَلِكَ الْمَكَانِ بَعْدَ أَنْ ذَهَبَتِ الشَّجْرَةُ، فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ كَانَتْ؟ فَجَعَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ: هَاهُنَا، وَبَعْضُهُمْ: هَاهُنَا، فَلَمَّا كَثُرَ اخْتِلَافُهُمْ قَالَ: سِيرُوا، قَدْ ذَهَبَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمِلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ عَمْرٌو: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ: "أَنْتُمْ خَيْرُ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ"، وكنا ألفًا وأربع مائة، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أُبْصِرُ الْيَوْمَ لَأَرَيْتُكُمْ مَكَانَ الشَّجْرَةِ (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا يَسْأَلُ: كَمْ كَانُوا يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ؟ قَالَ: كُنَّا أَرْبَعَ عَشَرَةَ مِائَةٍ فَبَايَعْنَاهُ، وَعُمَرُ آخِذٌ بِيَدِهِ تَحْتَ الشَّجْرَةِ، وَهِيَ سَمُرَةٌ، فَبَايَعْنَاهُ غَيْرَ جَدَّ بْنَ قَيْسٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ اخْتَبَأَ تَحْتَ بَطْنِ بَعِيرِهِ (٥) . وَرَوَى سَالِمٌ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا خَمْسَ عَشَرَةَ مِائَةٍ (٦) .

(١) السمرة- بضم الميم- من شجر الطلح، وهو شجر عظيم من شجر العضاة. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب غزوة الحديبية: ٧ / ٤٤٧. (٣) انظر: الطبري: ٢٦ / ٨٧. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب غزوة الحديبية: ٧ / ٤٤٣ ومسلم في الإمارة، باب مبايعة الإمام الجيش عند إرادة القتال برقم: (١٨٥٦) : ٣ / ١٤٨٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ١٩٥. (٥) أخرجه مسلم في الإمارة، باب استحباب مبايعة الإمام الجيش عند إرادة القتال برقم: (١٨٥٦) : ٣ / ١٤٨٣. (٦) قطعة من حديث أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب غزوة الحديبية: ٧ / ٤٤١.