Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/302)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Say to the Bedouins who stayed behind: ‘You will be called upon to confront a people of great military strength: you will fight them, or they will submit. If you obey, Allah will grant you a good reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, He will punish you with a painful punishment.’” (16)

“Those who lagged behind will say,” meaning those who stayed behind at al-Hudaybiyyah, “when you set out”—that is, when you travel and depart, O believers (1)—“for spoils to take them,” meaning the spoils of Khaybar, “they will say, ‘Let us follow you,’” to Khaybar, so that we may witness with you the fighting against its people. When they returned from al-Hudaybiyyah, Allah promised them the conquest of Khaybar and assigned its spoils exclusively to those who had been present at al-Hudaybiyyah, as compensation for the spoils of the people of Makkah, from whom they had withdrawn under a peace treaty without gaining anything from them.

Allah Most High said: “They wish to alter the word of Allah.” Hamza and al-Kisa'i recited it as kalim Allah (“the words of Allah”), without an alif, as the plural of kalimah (“word”); the others recited kalam Allah (“the speech of Allah”). That is, they wished to change Allah’s promise that the spoils of Khaybar were exclusively for the people of al-Hudaybiyyah.

Muqatil said: That is, Allah commanded His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that none of them should set out with him.

Ibn Zayd said: It refers to the saying of Allah Most High: “So if they ask your permission to go out, say, ‘You will never go out with me.’” (al-Tawbah 83) The first view, however, is more correct, and it is the position held by the majority of the scholars of exegesis.

“Say: ‘You shall not follow us,’” to Khaybar. “‘Thus Allah said beforehand,’” that is, before we returned to you: the spoils of Khaybar belong to those who were present at al-Hudaybiyyah, and no one else has any share in them. “Then they will say, ‘Rather, you envy us,’” meaning, envy prevents you from allowing us to obtain the spoils with you. “Rather, they understand but little”: they do not know, from Allah, what rights and obligations they have in religion, except for a little of it—namely, that Allah and the Messenger speak the truth.

“Say to the Bedouins who stayed behind: ‘You will be called upon to confront a people of great military strength.’” Ibn Abbas and Mujahid,

(1) Added from manuscript B.

﴿قُلْ لِلْمُخَلَّفِينَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ أُولِي بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ تُقَاتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ فَإِنْ تُطِيعُوا يُؤْتِكُمُ اللَّهُ أَجْرًا حَسَنًا وَإِنْ تَتَوَلَّوْا كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا (١٦) ﴾ ﴿سَيَقُولُ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ﴾ يَعْنِي هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، ﴿إِذَا انْطَلَقْتُمْ﴾ سِرْتُمْ وَذَهَبْتُمْ [أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ] (١) ، ﴿إِلَى مَغَانِمَ لِتَأْخُذُوهَا﴾ يَعْنِي غَنَائِمَ خَيْبَرَ، ﴿ذَرُونَا نَتَّبِعْكُمْ﴾ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ لِنَشْهَدَ مَعَكُمْ قِتَالَ أَهْلِهَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا انْصَرَفُوا مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَعَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَتْحَ خَيْبَرَ وَجَعَلَ غَنَائِمَهَا لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ خَاصَّةً عِوَضًا عَنْ غَنَائِمِ أهل مكة إذا انْصَرَفُوا عَنْهُمْ عَلَى صُلْحٍ وَلَمْ يُصِيبُوا مِنْهُمْ شَيْئًا. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُبَدِّلُوا كَلَامَ اللَّهِ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: "كَلِمَ اللَّهِ" بِغَيْرِ أَلِفٍ جَمْعُ كَلِمَةٍ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ: "كَلَامَ اللَّهِ"، يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُغَيِّرُوا مَوَاعِيدَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لِأَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ بِغَنِيمَةِ خَيْبَرَ خَاصَّةً. وقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يَعْنِي أَمْرَ اللَّهِ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ أَنْ لَا يَسِيرَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ: هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿: "فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقُلْ لَنْ تَخْرُجُوا مَعِيَ أَبَدًا" (التَّوْبَةِ-٨٣) ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصْوَبُ، وَعَلَيْهِ عَامَّةُ أَهْلِ التَّأْوِيلِ. ﴿قُلْ لَنْ تَتَّبِعُونَا﴾ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، ﴿كَذَلِكُمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ أَيْ مِنْ قَبْلِ مَرْجِعِنَا إِلَيْكُمْ أَنَّ غَنِيمَةَ خَيْبَرَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ لَيْسَ لِغَيْرِهِمْ فِيهَا نَصِيبٌ، ﴿فَسَيَقُولُونَ بَلْ تَحْسُدُونَنَا﴾ أَيْ يَمْنَعُكُمُ الْحَسَدُ مِنْ أَنْ نُصِيبَ مَعَكُمُ الْغَنَائِمَ، ﴿بَلْ كَانُوا لَا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ عَنِ اللَّهِ مَا لَهُمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ، ﴿إِلَّا قَلِيلًا﴾ مِنْهُمْ وَهُوَ مِنْ صِدْقِ اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ. ﴿قُلْ لِلْمُخَلَّفِينَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ أُولِي بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ،

(١) زيادة من "ب".