“Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you are in fact pledging allegiance to Allah. The Hand of Allah is over their hands. Whoever breaks his pledge does so only to his own detriment; but whoever fulfills what he has pledged to Allah, He will grant him a tremendous reward (10).”
“That He may admit the believing men and believing women into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever, and absolve them of their misdeeds. That, in the sight of Allah, is a great triumph.” We have already related on the authority of Anas that, when “that Allah may forgive you” was revealed, the Companions said, “May it bring you joy and blessing! But what will He do for us?” Then it was revealed: “That He may admit the believing men and believing women into Gardens” (1)—to the end of the verse.
“And that He may punish the hypocrite men and hypocrite women, and the polytheist men and polytheist women”: the people of hypocrisy in Medina and the people of polytheism in Mecca, “who harbor evil thoughts about Allah”—namely, that He would not grant victory to Muhammad and the believers. “Upon them will be the evil turn of fortune”: through punishment and destruction. “Allah is angry with them, has cursed them, and has prepared Hell for them—an evil destination.”
“To Allah belong the forces of the heavens and the earth. Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. Indeed, We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad tidings, and a warner, so that you may believe in Allah and His Messenger, support him”—that is, aid and defend him—“and honor him”: that is, hold him in reverence and esteem. These pronouns refer to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and one should pause here. “And glorify Him”: that is, glorify Allah; meaning, pray to Him, “morning and evening”: at dawn and in the evening.
Ibn Kathir and Abu Amr recited these verbs in the third-person form: “that they may believe, support him, honor him, and glorify Him,” following His words, “in the hearts of the believers.” The other reciters read them all in the second-person form.
“Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you,” O Muhammad, at Hudaybiyyah, pledged that they would not flee. “Are in fact pledging allegiance to Allah,” because they have sold themselves to Allah in exchange for Paradise.
Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail related to us; Qutaybah ibn Sa'id related to us; Hatim ibn Ismail related to us, from Yazid ibn Abi Ubayd, who said: I said