Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

A group of my sincere companions, eager to acquire knowledge, asked me to compose a book on the landmarks of revelation and its exegesis. I acceded to their request, relying on Allah Most High’s bounty and facilitation, and heeding the Messenger of Allah’s instruction concerning them. Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, relates that he said: “Men will come to you from all regions of the earth seeking understanding of the religion. When they come to you, treat them well.” (1)

I also followed the example of the early generations who committed knowledge to writing for the benefit of those who came after them. Nothing can be added to what they accomplished; yet every age must renew that which the passage of time has made remote, and in whose pursuit students have fallen short in diligence and effort—thereby alerting the hesitant and spurring on the sluggish.

Thus, with Allah Most High’s help and His gracious enabling, I compiled for them a work of moderate length, between the lengthy and tedious ⦗1/b⦘ and the short and deficient. I hope that it will benefit whoever devotes himself to mastering it.

Most of the exegetical reports which I have transmitted in it from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, the learned authority of this community, and from those after him among the Successors and the leading imams of the early generations—such as Mujahid, ‘Ikrimah, ‘Ata’ ibn Abi Rabah, al-Hasan al-Basri, Qatadah, Abu al-‘Aliyah, Muhammad ibn Ka‘b al-Qurazi, Zayd ibn Aslam, al-Kalbi, al-Dahhak, Muqatil ibn Hayyan, Muqatil ibn Sulayman, al-Suddi, and others—are among the material related to us by Shaykh Abu Sa‘id Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi al-Khwarazmi, from works which I read to him, from the master Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha‘labi, from his teachers, may Allah have mercy on them.

  • As for the exegesis of ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, the interpreter of the Quran, concerning whom the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “O Allah, teach him the Book,” (2) and said: “O Allah, grant him deep understanding of the religion,” (3) Abu Ishaq said: Abu Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hamid informed us; Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abdus al-Tara’ifi related to us; ‘Uthman ibn Sa‘id al-Darimi related to us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Salih related to us that Mu‘awiyah ibn Salih narrated to him from ‘Ali ibn Abi Talhah al-Walibi, from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abbas. He also said: Abu al-Qasim al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Habib informed us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi related to us; Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn Nasrawayh al-Mazini informed us; Muhammad ibn Sa‘id ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn ‘Atiyyah ibn Sa‘d al-‘Awfi said: My uncle al-Husayn ibn
(1) Reported by al-Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Ilm (Book of Knowledge), chapter: “What Has Been Related Regarding the Recommendation to Those Seeking Knowledge,” 7:409-10. He said: “We know this hadith only through the narration of Abu Harun al-Abdi.” Abu Harun al-Abdi, whose name was Umarah ibn Juwayn, was an abandoned narrator, accused of lying; he was a Shiite narrator of the fourth generation. See al-Jarh wa al-Tadil, 6:363; al-Mizan, 3:173; Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, 7:262; al-Duafa wa al-Matrukun, p. 192; Taqrib al-Tahdhib; and Lisan al-Mizan, 7:321. It was also reported by Ibn Majah in al-Muqaddimah (Introduction), chapter: “The Recommendation to Seek Knowledge,” 1:91-92. He also reported it from Abu Hurayrah, in whose chain is al-Mualla ibn Hilal, whom Ahmad, Ibn Main, and others declared a liar, and whom more than one scholar charged with fabricating hadith. See al-Jarh wa al-Tadil, 8:331; al-Mughni, 2:671; al-Mizan, 4:152; al-Taqrib; Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, 10:240; and Lisan al-Mizan, 7:394. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Ilm (Book of Knowledge), chapter: “The Prophet’s supplication, ‘O Allah, teach him the Book,’” 1:169. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Wudu (Book of Ablution), chapter: “Placing Water Near the Place of Relieving Oneself,” 1:244; and by Muslim, Kitab Fadail al-Sahabah (Book of the Virtues of the Companions), chapter: “The Virtue of Abdullah ibn Abbas,” no. 2477, 4:1927.
فَسَأَلَنِي جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي الْمُخْلِصِينَ، وَعَلَى اقْتِبَاسِ الْعِلْمِ مُقْبِلِينَ: كِتَابًا فِي مَعَالِمِ التَّنْزِيلِ وَتَفْسِيرِهِ، فَأَجَبْتُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ، مُعْتَمِدًا عَلَى فَضْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَتَيْسِيرِهِ، مُمْتَثِلًا وَصِيَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهِمْ فِيمَا يَرْوِيهِ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ ﵁ أَنَّهُ ﵊ قَالَ: " إِنَّ رِجَالًا يَأْتُونَكُمْ مِنْ أَقْطَارِ الْأَرْضِ يَتَفَقَّهُونَ فِي الدِّينِ، فَإِذَا أَتَوْكُمْ فَاسْتَوْصُوا بِهِمْ خَيْرًا " (١) وَاقْتِدَاءً بِالْمَاضِينَ مِنَ السَّلَفِ فِي تَدْوِينِ الْعِلْمِ إِبْقَاءً عَلَى الْخَلَفِ، وَلَيْسَ عَلَى مَا فَعَلُوهُ مَزِيدٌ وَلَكِنْ لَا بُدَّ فِي كُلِّ زَمَانٍ مِنْ تَجْدِيدِ مَا طَالَ بِهِ الْعَهْدُ، وَقَصُرَ لِلطَّالِبِينَ فِيهِ الْجِدُّ وَالْجَهْدُ تَنْبِيهًا لِلْمُتَوَقِّفِينَ وَتَحْرِيضًا لِلْمُتَثَبِّطِينَ. فَجَمَعْتُ- بِعَوْنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَحَسُنِ تَوْفِيقِهِ- فِيمَا سَأَلُوا كِتَابًا وَسَطًا بَيْنَ الطويل الممل،١/ب وَالْقَصِيرِ الْمُخِلِّ، أَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ مُفِيدًا لِمَنْ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى تَحْصِيلِهِ مُرِيدًا. وَمَا نَقَلْتُ فِيهِ مِنَ التَّفْسِيرِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄، حَبْرِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ، وَأَئِمَّةِ السَّلَفِ، مِثْلِ: مُجَاهِدٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، وَقَتَادَةَ، وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، وَالْكَلْبِيِّ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ فَأَكْثَرُهَا مِمَّا أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ الْخُوَارَزْمِيُّ، فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ عَنِ الْأُسْتَاذِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيِّ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ ﵏. * أَمَّا تَفْسِيرُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ تُرْجُمَانِ الْقُرْآنِ الَّذِي قَالَ فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: " اللَّهُمَّ عَلِّمْهُ الْكِتَابَ " (٢) وَقَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ فَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ " (٣) قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ ابن عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَامِدٍ أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ الْوَالِبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَقَالَ: أَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرَوَيْهِ الْمَازِنِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عطيه بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ
(١) أخرجه الترمذي: في العلم- باب ما جاء في الإيصاء بمن يطلب العلم: ٧/٤٠٩ - ٤١٠ وقال هذا حديث لا نعرفه إلا من حديث أبي هارون العبدي، وأبو هارون العبدي اسمه (عمارة بن جُوَيْن) متروك ومتهم بالكذب، شيعي من الرابعة. الجرح والتعديل ٦/٣٦٣ الميزان ٣/١٧٣. تهذيب التهذيب ٧/٢٦٢. الضعفاء والمتروكين ص ١٩٢ تقريب التهذيب. لسان الميزان ٧/٣٢١ وأخرجه ابن ماجه في المقدمة، باب الوصاة بطلب العلم: ١/٩١- ٩٢، وأخرجه أيضًا عن أبي هريرة وفيه: المعلَى بن هلال، كذَّبه أحمد وابن معين وغيرهما، ونسبه إلى الوضع غير واحد. انظر الجرح والتعديل ٨/٣٣١. المغني ٢/٦٧١. الميزان ٤/١٥٢. التقريب. تهذيب التهذيب ١٠/٢٤٠. لسان الميزان ٧/٣٩٤. (٢) أخرجه البخاري: في العلم- باب قول النبي ﷺ (اللهم علمه الكتاب) ١/١٦٩. (٣) أخرجه البخاري: في الوضوء - باب: وضع الماء عند الخلاء ١/٢٤٤. ومسلم: في فضائل الصحابة - باب: فضل عبد الله بن عباس برقم (٢٤٧٧) ٤/١٩٢٧.

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