Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/293)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Fath (The Conquest) is Medinan. (1)

“Indeed, We have given you a clear conquest.” (1)

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. “Indeed, We have given you a clear conquest.”

Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Abu Ali Zahir ibn Ahmad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Samad al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Musab informed us, from Malik, from Zayd ibn Aslam, from his father, that Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, was travelling with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on one of his journeys. Umar asked him about something, but he did not answer him. Then he asked him again, but he did not answer him. Then he asked him again, but he did not answer him. Umar said, “May you be bereft of your mother, Umar! You have importuned the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, three times, and each time he has not answered you.”

Umar said: “I urged my camel on and went ahead of the people, fearing that Quran might be revealed concerning me. Before long, I heard a caller calling out for me. So I came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and greeted him with peace. He said, ‘Tonight a surah has been revealed to me which is dearer to me than all that the sun rises upon.’ Then he recited: ‘Indeed, We have given you a clear conquest, so that Allah may forgive you your past and future sins.’” (2)

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Umar Bakr ibn Muhammad al-Muzani informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd Allah, the grandson of al-Abbas ibn Hamzah, related to us; al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl al-Bajali related to us; Affan related to us; Hammam related to us; Qatadah related to us; Anas related to us, saying: “The words, ‘Indeed, We have given you a clear conquest,’ until the end of the verse, were revealed to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, as he was returning from Hudaybiyyah, while his Companions were overcome with sorrow and dejection. He said, ‘An ayah has been revealed to me that is dearer to me than the whole world.’ When the Prophet of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recited it, a man among the people said, ‘Blessings to you! Allah has made clear to you what He will do with you; but what will He do with us?’ Thereupon Allah revealed the following verse: ‘That He may admit the believing men and believing women into gardens beneath which rivers flow,’ until he completed the verse.” (3)

(1) Al-Suyuti, in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:507, attributed it to Ibn al-Durays, al-Nahhas, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Maghazi, in the chapter “The Expedition of al-Hudaybiyyah,” 7:452. The meaning of nazartu is: “I pressed insistently.” (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Maghazi, in the chapter “The Expedition of al-Hudaybiyyah,” 7:450-451; Muslim in al-Jihad, in the chapter “The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah,” no. 1786, 3:1413; and the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:222.

سُورَةُ الْفَتْحِ مَدَنِيَّةٌ (١) ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا (١) ﴾ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرْخَسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السَّرْخَسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ كَانَ يَسِيرُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ أَسْفَارِهِ فَسَأَلَهُ عُمَرُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ يَا عُمَرُ نَزَرْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لَا يُجِيبُكَ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَحَرَّكْتُ بَعِيرِي ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ أَمَامَ النَّاسِ، وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِيَّ قُرْآنٌ، فَمَا لَبِثْتُ أَنْ سَمِعْتُ صَارِخًا يَصْرُخُ بِي، فَجِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: "لَقَدْ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيَّ اللَّيْلَةَ سُورَةٌ لَهِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: "إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا لِيَغْفِرَ لَكَ اللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ". (٢) أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَفِيدُ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْبَجَلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامُ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسٌ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: "إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا" إِلَى آخَرَ الْآيَةِ، مَرْجِعَهُ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ مُخَالِطُهُمُ الْحُزْنُ وَالْكَآبَةُ، فَقَالَ: "نَزَلَتْ عَلَيَّ آيَةٌ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا جَمِيعًا"، فَلَمَّا تَلَاهَا نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا لَكَ قَدْ بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مَا يَفْعَلُ بِكَ، فَمَاذَا يَفْعَلُ بِنَا؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا: "لِيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ"، حَتَّى خَتَمَ الْآيَةَ. (٣)

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٠٧ لابن الضريس والنحاس وابن مردويه والبيهقي. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب غزوة الحديبية....: ٧ / ٤٥٢ ومعنى "نزرت": ألححت. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب غزوة الحديبية....: ٧ / ٤٥٠-٤٥١، ومسلم في الجهاد، باب صلح الحديبية برقم: (١٧٨٦) : ٣ / ١٤١٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٢٢.