Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/290)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: They were those who provided food on the Day of Badr. A parallel is His saying: “Indeed, those who disbelieve spend their wealth to bar others from the way of Allah” (al-Anfal 36), to the end of the verse.

“O you who believe, obey Allah and obey the Messenger, and do not invalidate your deeds. (33) Indeed, those who disbelieve, bar others from the way of Allah, then die as disbelievers—Allah will never forgive them. (34) So do not falter or call for peace while you hold the upper hand; Allah is with you, and He will never diminish the reward of your deeds. (35) The life of this world is nothing but play and diversion; but if you believe and fear Allah, He will give you your rewards and will not ask you for your wealth. (36)”

“O you who believe, obey Allah and obey the Messenger, and do not invalidate your deeds”: Ata' said: Through doubt and hypocrisy. Al-Kalbi said: Through showing off and seeking renown. Al-Hasan said: Through acts of disobedience and major sins.

Abu al-Aliyah said: The Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, held that no sin is harmful when accompanied by sincerity, just as no deed benefits when accompanied by associating partners with Allah. Then this verse was revealed, and thereafter they feared that major sins might nullify their deeds. (1)

Muqatil said: Do not remind the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, of your favors, lest you nullify your deeds. It was revealed concerning Banu Asad, and we shall mention it in Surah al-Hujurat, if Allah Most High wills.

“Indeed, those who disbelieve, bar others from the way of Allah, then die as disbelievers—Allah will never forgive them”: It was said that they were the people of the well; however, its ruling is general.

“So do not falter”: do not grow weak, “or call for peace”: that is, do not initiate a call for a truce. Allah forbade the Muslims from initiating a call for peace with the disbelievers, and commanded them to fight them until they embrace Islam. “While you hold the upper hand”: that is, you are the victors. Al-Kalbi said: The final outcome belongs to you, even if they overcome you at certain times. “Allah is with you”: through His aid and support. “And He will never diminish the reward of your deeds”: He will not diminish anything of the reward of your deeds. It is said: watarahu yatiruhu, watran and tiratan—when he diminishes what is due to him. Ibn Abbas, Qatadah, Muqatil, and al-Dahhak said: He will not wrong you with regard to your righteous deeds; rather, He will give you their rewards.

He then urged them to seek the Hereafter, saying:

“The life of this world is nothing but play and diversion”: it is vanity and delusion. “But if you believe and fear Allah”: that is, refrain from shameful deeds,

(1) Recorded by Muhammad ibn Nasr al-Marwazi in Ta'zim Qadr al-Salah (The Exaltation of the Status of Prayer), 2/646. Its chain of transmission is weak. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7/504-505, to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn Abi Hatim, from Abu al-Aliyah.

قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: هُمُ الْمُطْعِمُونَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، نَظِيرُهُا قَوْلُهُ ﷿: "إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ لِيَصُدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ" (الْأَنْفَالِ-٣٦) الْآيَةَ. ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَلَا تُبْطِلُوا أَعْمَالَكُمْ (٣٣) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ مَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ (٣٤) فَلَا تَهِنُوا وَتَدْعُوا إِلَى السَّلْمِ وَأَنْتُمُ الْأَعْلَوْنَ وَاللَّهُ مَعَكُمْ وَلَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ (٣٥) إِنَّمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ وَإِنْ تُؤْمِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا يُؤْتِكُمْ أُجُورَكُمْ وَلَا يَسْأَلْكُمْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ (٣٦) ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَلَا تُبْطِلُوا أَعْمَالَكُمْ﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: بِالشَّكِّ وَالنِّفَاقِ، وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: بِالرِّيَاءِ وَالسُّمْعَةِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: بِالْمَعَاصِي وَالْكَبَائِرِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَضُرُّ مَعَ الْإِخْلَاصِ ذَنْبٌ كَمَا لَا يَنْفَعُ مَعَ الشِّرْكِ عَمَلٌ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فَخَافُوا الْكَبَائِرَ بَعْدَهُ أَنْ تُحْبِطَ الْأَعْمَالَ. (١) وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: لَا تَمُنُّوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتُبْطِلُوا أَعْمَالَكُمْ، نَزَلَتْ فِي بَنِي أَسَدٍ، وَسَنَذْكُرُهُ فِي سُورَةِ الْحُجُرَاتِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ مَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ﴾ قِيلَ: هُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْقَلِيبِ. وَحُكْمُهَا عَامٌّ. ﴿فَلَا تَهِنُوا﴾ لَا تَضْعُفُوا ﴿وَتَدْعُوا إِلَى السَّلْمِ﴾ أَيْ لَا تَدْعُوَا إِلَى الصُّلْحِ ابْتِدَاءً، مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَدْعُوا الْكَفَّارَ إِلَى الصُّلْحِ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِحَرْبِهِمْ حَتَّى يُسْلِمُوا، ﴿وَأَنْتُمُ الْأَعْلَوْنَ﴾ الْغَالِبُونَ، قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: آخِرُ الْأَمْرِ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ غَلَبُوكُمْ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَوْقَاتِ، ﴿وَاللَّهُ مَعَكُمْ﴾ بِالْعَوْنِ وَالنُّصْرَةِ، ﴿وَلَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ﴾ لَنْ يَنْقُصَكُمْ شَيْئًا مِنْ ثَوَابِ أَعْمَالِكُمْ، يُقَالُ: وَتِرَهُ يَتِرُهُ وَتَرًا وَتِرَةً: إِذَا نَقَصَ حَقَّهُ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وقَتَادَةُ، وَمُقَاتِلٌ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ: لَنْ يَظْلِمَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمُ الصَّالِحَةَ بَلْ يُؤْتِيكُمْ أُجُورَهَا. ثُمَّ حَضَّ عَلَى طَلَبِ الْآخِرَةِ فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ﴾ بَاطِلٌ وَغُرُورٌ، ﴿وَإِنْ تُؤْمِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا﴾ الْفَوَاحِشَ،

(١) أخرجه محمد بن نصر المروزي في تعظيم قدر الصلاة: ٢ / ٦٤٦، وإسناده ضعيف، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٥٠٤-٥٠٥ لعبد بن حميد، وابن أبي حاتم عن أبي العالية.