Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/285)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Allah.” He said: “When trust is neglected, then await the Hour.” The man asked, “How will it be neglected?” He replied: “When authority is entrusted to those unfit for it, then await the Hour.” (1)

Regarding His words, exalted is He, “Then how will they be reminded when it has come upon them?” How can they then remember, take admonition, and repent once the Hour has come upon them? Similar to this are His words: “On that Day man will remember, but what use will remembrance be to him then?” (al-Fajr 89:23).

“So know that there is no god but Allah, and seek forgiveness for your sin and for the believing men and believing women. Allah knows your movements and your resting places.” (19)

Regarding His words, exalted is He, “So know that there is no god but Allah”: It is said that the address is directed to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while what is intended is others besides him. It is also said that its meaning is: Remain steadfast upon it. Al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl said: Increase in knowledge upon your knowledge. Abu al-Aliyah and Ibn Uyaynah said: This is connected to what precedes it; its meaning is: When the Hour comes upon them, know that, when it is established, there is no refuge and no recourse except to Allah. It is also said: Know that there is no god but Allah—that all dominions shall cease when it is established, and no one will possess sovereignty or judgment except Allah. “And seek forgiveness for your sin” is a command to seek forgiveness, even though he had been forgiven, so that his Ummah may follow his example.

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Abu Mansur al-Samani informed us; Abu Jafar al-Rayani informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh related to us; Sulayman ibn Harb related to us; Hammad ibn Zayd related to us, from Thabit, from Abu Burdah, from al-Agharr al-Muzani, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “A covering comes over my heart, and I seek Allah’s forgiveness one hundred times each day.” (2)

Regarding His words, exalted is He, “And for the believing men and believing women”: This is an honor from Allah, exalted is He, for this Ummah, in that He commanded their Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to seek forgiveness for their sins; and he is the intercessor whose intercession on their behalf is answered. “Allah knows your movements and your resting places.” Ibn Abbas and al-Dahhak said: “Your movements” means your comings and goings [and your dispersal in pursuit of your deeds in this world, while “your resting places” means your ultimate destination in the Hereafter, whether Paradise or the Fire.

Muqatil and Ibn Jarir said: “Your movements” means your departure] for your occupations during the day, while “your resting places” means your return to your beds at night. (3)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari, Book of Knowledge, chapter: One Who Is Asked About Knowledge While Engaged in His Discourse, Then Completes His Discourse and Answers the Questioner, 1:141-142. (2) Reported by Muslim, Book of Remembrance, Supplication, and Repentance, chapter: Seeking Forgiveness, Its Recommendation, and Seeking It Abundantly, no. 2702, 4:2075; and cited by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:70. (3) The text within the brackets is omitted in manuscript A.

اللَّهِ، قَالَ: "إِذَا ضُيِّعَتِ الْأَمَانَةُ فَانْتَظَرِ السَّاعَةَ". قَالَ: كَيْفَ إِضَاعَتُهَا؟ قَالَ: "إِذَا وُسِّدَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى غَيْرِ أَهْلِهِ فَانْتَظَرِ السَّاعَةَ". (١) قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَأَنَّى لَهُمْ إِذَا جَاءَتْهُمْ ذِكْرَاهُمْ﴾ فَمِنْ أَيْنَ لَهُمُ التَّذَكُّرُ وَالِاتِّعَاظُ وَالتَّوْبَةُ إِذَا جَاءَتْهُمُ السَّاعَةُ؟ نَظِيرُهُ: "يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنْسَانُ وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى" (الْفَجْرِ-٢٣) . ﴿فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنْبِكَ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مُتَقَلَّبَكُمْ وَمَثْوَاكُمْ (١٩) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ﴾ قِيلَ: الْخِطَابُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ غَيْرُهُ، وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ فَاثْبُتْ عَلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ: فَازْدَدْ عِلْمًا عَلَى عِلْمِكَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: هُوَ مُتَّصِلٌ بِمَا قَبْلَهُ مَعْنَاهُ: إِذَا جَاءَتْهُمُ السَّاعَةُ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا مَلْجَأَ وَلَا مَفْزَعَ عِنْدَ قِيَامِهَا إِلَّا إِلَى اللَّهِ. وَقِيلَ: فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَنَّ الْمَمَالِكَ تَبْطُلُ عِنْدَ قِيَامِهَا، فَلَا مُلْكَ وَلَا حُكْمَ لِأَحَدٍ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، ﴿وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنْبِكَ﴾ أَمْرٌ بِالِاسْتِغْفَارِ مَعَ أَنَّهُ مَغْفُورٌ لَهُ لِتَسْتَنَّ بِهِ أُمَّتُهُ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ السَّمْعَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّيَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنِ الْأَغَرِّ الْمُزْنِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّهُ لَيُغَانُ عَلَى قَلْبِي، وَإِنِّي لِأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ". (٢) قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾ هَذَا إِكْرَامٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ حَيْثُ أَمَرَ نَبِيَّهُمْ ﷺ أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ لِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَهُوَ الشَّفِيعُ الْمُجَابُ فِيهِمْ، ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مُتَقَلَّبَكُمْ وَمَثْوَاكُمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: "مُتَقَلَّبَكُمْ" مُتَصَرَّفُكُمْ [وَمُنْتَشَرُكُمْ فِي أَعْمَالِكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا، "وَمَثْوَاكُمْ" مَصِيرُكُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ أَوْ إِلَى النَّارِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: "مُتَقَلَّبَكُمْ" مُنْصَرَفُكُمْ] (٣) لِأَشْغَالِكُمْ بِالنَّهَارِ، "وَمَثْوَاكُمْ" مَأْوَاكُمْ إِلَى مَضَاجِعِكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في العلم، باب: من سئل علمًا وهو مشتغل في حديثه فأتم الحديث ثم أجاب السائل: ١ / ١٤١-١٤٢. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الذكر والدعاء والتوبة، باب الاستغفار واستحباب الاستغفار والاستكثار منه برقم: (٢٧٠٢) : ٤ / ٢٠٧٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة ٥ / ٧٠. (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".