Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/282)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And how many a city was stronger than your city which drove you out! We destroyed them, and they had no helper. (13) Is one who stands upon clear proof from his Lord like one for whom the evil of his deed has been made pleasing and who follows his own desires? (14) The description of Paradise promised to the God-fearing is that therein are rivers of water that does not become stagnant, rivers of milk whose taste never changes, rivers of wine, delicious to those who drink, and rivers of purified honey. They will have therein every kind of fruit and forgiveness from their Lord. Can this be compared to one who will abide forever in the Fire and be given scalding water that will tear apart their intestines? (15)”

“And how many a city was stronger than your city which drove you out!” That is, whose people drove you out. Ibn Abbas said: “How many men were stronger than the people of Makkah!” This is indicated by His saying, “We destroyed them,” rather than, “We destroyed it.” “And they had no helper.” Ibn Abbas said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, left Makkah for the cave, he turned towards Makkah and said: “You are the most beloved of Allah’s lands to Allah and the most beloved of Allah’s lands to me. Had the polytheists not driven me out, I would not have left you.” Then Allah revealed this verse. (1)

“Is one who stands upon clear proof from his Lord”—that is, upon certainty regarding his religion, namely Muhammad and the believers—“like one for whom the evil of his deed has been made pleasing and who follows his own desires?” That is, the worship of idols. The latter are Abu Jahl and the polytheists.

“The description of Paradise promised to the God-fearing”—that is, its description—“is that therein are rivers of water that does not become stagnant”: that is, water which has become stale, changed, and foul-smelling. Ibn Kathir recited asin without the long vowel, whereas the others recited it with the long vowel. Both are dialectal variants. One says asina al-ma'u ya'sanu asanan, and ajina ya'junu usunan wa ujunan, when water changes. “And rivers of milk whose taste never changes, and rivers of wine—a delight [delicious] (2)—to those who drink”: no feet have sullied it, nor have hands sullied it. “And rivers of purified honey.”

Ismail ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan related to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj related to us; Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah related to us; Abu Usamah, Abd Allah ibn Numayr, and Ali ibn Mushir informed us, from Ubayd Allah ibn Umar, from Khubayb ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Hafs ibn Asim, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Sayhan, Jayhan, the Nile, and the Euphrates are all among the rivers of Paradise.” (3)

Kab al-Ahbar said: “The Tigris is the river of water for the people of Paradise; the Euphrates is their river of milk; and the river of Egypt is their river of”

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 26:48. Al-Suyuti, in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:463, also attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd, Abu Yala, Ibn Abi Hatim, and Ibn Mardawayh. See Ilal al-Hadith by Ibn Abi Hatim, 1:280. (2) Added from manuscript B. (3) Reported by Muslim in al-Jannah (Paradise), chapter: “The Rivers of Paradise Found in This World,” hadith no. 2839, 4:2683.

﴿وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ هِيَ أَشَدُّ قُوَّةً مِنْ قَرْيَتِكَ الَّتِي أَخْرَجَتْكَ أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ فَلَا نَاصِرَ لَهُمْ (١٣) أَفَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَمَنْ زُيِّنَ لَهُ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ وَاتَّبَعُوا أَهْوَاءَهُمْ (١٤) مَثَلُ الْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ فِيهَا أَنْهَارٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ طَعْمُهُ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ خَمْرٍ لَذَّةٍ لِلشَّارِبِينَ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ عَسَلٍ مُصَفًّى وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ كَمَنْ هُوَ خَالِدٌ فِي النَّارِ وَسُقُوا مَاءً حَمِيمًا فَقَطَّعَ أَمْعَاءَهُمْ (١٥) ﴾ ﴿وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ هِيَ أَشَدُّ قُوَّةً مِنْ قَرْيَتِكَ الَّتِي أَخْرَجَتْكَ﴾ أَيْ أَخْرَجَكَ أَهْلُهَا، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَمْ رِجَالٍ هُمْ أَشَدُّ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ؟ يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ﴾ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: أَهْلَكْنَاهَا، ﴿فَلَا نَاصِرَ لَهُمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْغَارِ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَقَالَ: "أَنْتِ أَحَبُّ بِلَادِ اللَّهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَحَبُّ بِلَادِ اللَّهِ إِلَيَّ وَلَوْ أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ لَمْ يُخْرِجُونِي لَمْ أَخْرُجْ مِنْكِ" فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (١) . ﴿أَفَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ﴾ يَقِينٍ مِنْ دِينِهِ، مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ، ﴿كَمَنْ زُيِّنَ لَهُ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ وَاتَّبَعُوا أَهْوَاءَهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي عِبَادَةَ الْأَوْثَانِ، وَهُمْ أَبُو جَهْلٍ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ. ﴿مَثَلُ الْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ﴾ أَيْ صِفَتُهَا، ﴿فِيهَا أَنْهَارٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ﴾ آجِنٍ مُتَغَيِّرٍ مُنْتِنٍ، قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ "أَسِنٍ" بِالْقَصْرِ، وَالْآخَرُونَ بِالْمَدِّ، وَهُمَا لُغَتَانِ يُقَالُ: أَسِنَ الْمَاءُ يَأْسَنُ أَسَنًا، وَأَجِنَ يَأْجُنُ، أُسُونًا وَأُجُونًا، إِذَا تَغَّيرَ، ﴿وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ طَعْمُهُ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ خَمْرٍ لَذَّةٍ﴾ [لَذِيذَةٌ] (٢) ، ﴿لِلشَّارِبِينَ﴾ لَمْ تُدَنِّسْهَا الْأَرْجُلُ وَلَمْ تُدَنِّسْهَا الْأَيْدِي، ﴿وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ عَسَلٍ مُصَفًّى﴾ . أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَمِيرٍ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ خُبَيْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "سَيْحَانُ وَجَيْحَانُ وَالنِّيلُ وَالْفُرَاتُ كُلٌّ مِنْ أَنْهَارِ الْجَنَّةِ". (٣) قَالَ كَعْبُ الْأَحْبَارِ: نَهْرُ دِجْلَةَ نَهْرُ مَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَنَهْرُ الْفُرَاتِ نَهْرُ لَبَنِهِمْ، وَنَهْرُ مِصْرَ نَهْرُ

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ٤٨، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٤٦٣ أيضًا لعبد بن حميد، وأبي يعلى، وابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه. وانظر: علل الحديث لابن أبي حاتم: ١ / ٢٨٠. (٢) زيادة من "ب". (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الجنة، باب ما في الدنيا من أنهار الجنة برقم (٢٨٣٩) ٤ / ٢٦٨٣.