Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/281)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Indeed, Allah will admit those who believe and do righteous deeds into gardens beneath which rivers flow. But those who disbelieve enjoy themselves and eat as livestock eat, and the Fire will be a lodging for them.” (12)

“O you who believe! If you support Allah”—that is, His religion and His Messenger—“He will support you” against your enemy “and make your feet firm” in battle.

“As for those who disbelieve, wretchedness is theirs.” Ibn Abbas said: “Far be they!” Abu al-Aliyah said: “May they fall!” Al-Dahhak said: “Disappointment be theirs!” Ibn Zayd said: “Misery be theirs!” Al-Farra said: It is a verbal noun in the accusative, used as a supplication. It is also said that, in this world, it means stumbling, while in the Hereafter it means plunging into the Fire. Of someone who has stumbled, one says taʿsan (“May he fall!”) when one does not wish him to rise; its opposite is laʿan (“May he rise!”), when one wishes him to rise. (1) “And He has caused their deeds to go astray,” because their deeds were performed in obedience to Satan.

“This”—namely, their wretchedness and the causing of their deeds to go astray—“is because they detested what Allah had sent down, so He rendered their deeds worthless.”

He then warned the disbelievers, saying: “Have they not travelled through the land and seen what was the end of those before them? Allah destroyed them”—that is, annihilated them utterly—“and the disbelievers will have the like thereof,” if they do not believe. This is a threat directed at the polytheists of Makkah.

“This” which I have mentioned “is because Allah is the Protector of those who believe”—their Guardian and Helper—“whereas the disbelievers have no protector.” ⦗127/A⦘ That is, they have no helper. He then mentioned the final outcome of the two parties, saying:

“Indeed, Allah will admit those who believe and do righteous deeds into gardens beneath which rivers flow. But those who disbelieve enjoy themselves” in this world “and eat as livestock eat.” They have no concern other than their stomachs and private parts; they are heedless and oblivious of what lies ahead tomorrow. It was said: “The believer gathers provisions, the hypocrite adorns himself, and the disbeliever indulges himself.” “And the Fire will be a lodging for them.”

(1) See Lisan al-Arab, under the root ta's: 6:32.

﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدْخِلُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يَتَمَتَّعُونَ وَيَأْكُلُونَ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ الْأَنْعَامُ وَالنَّارُ مَثْوًى لَهُمْ (١٢) ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَنْصُرُوا اللَّهَ﴾ أَيْ دِينَهُ وَرَسُولَهُ، ﴿يَنْصُرْكُمْ﴾ عَلَى عَدُوِّكُمْ، ﴿وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ﴾ عِنْدَ الْقِتَالِ. ﴿وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَتَعْسًا لَهُمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: بُعْدًا لَهُمْ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: سُقُوطًا لَهُمْ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: خَيْبَةً لَهُمْ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ: شَقَاءً لَهُمْ. قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: هُوَ نَصْبٌ عَلَى الْمَصْدَرِ، عَلَى سَبِيلِ الدُّعَاءِ. وَقِيلَ: فِي الدُّنْيَا الْعَثْرَةُ، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ التَّرَدِّي فِي النَّارِ. وَيُقَالُ لِلْعَاثِرِ: تَعْسًا إِذَا لَمْ يُرِيدُوا قِيَامَهُ، وَضِدُّهُ لَعًا إِذَا أَرَادُوا قِيَامَهُ (١) ، ﴿وَأَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ﴾ لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ فِي طَاعَةِ الشَّيْطَانِ. ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ التَّعْسُ وَالْإِضْلَالُ، ﴿بِأَنَّهُمْ كَرِهُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ﴾ . ثُمَّ خَوَّفَ الْكُفَّارَ فَقَالَ: ﴿أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ دَمَّرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ أَيْ أَهْلَكَهُمْ، ﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ أَمْثَالُهَا﴾ إِنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا، يَتَوَعَّدُ مُشْرِكِي مَكَّةَ. ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ، ﴿بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَوْلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ وَلِيُّهُمْ وَنَاصِرُهُمْ، ﴿وَأَنَّ الْكَافِرِينَ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُمْ﴾ ١٢٧/ألَا نَاصِرَ لَهُمْ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَآلَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدْخِلُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يَتَمَتَّعُونَ﴾ فِي الدُّنْيَا، ﴿وَيَأْكُلُونَ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ الْأَنْعَامُ﴾ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ هِمَّةً إِلَّا بُطُونُهُمْ وَفُرُوجُهُمْ، وَهُمْ لَاهُونَ سَاهُونَ عَمَّا فِي غَدٍ، قِيلَ: الْمُؤْمِنُ فِي الدُّنْيَا يَتَزَوَّدُ، وَالْمُنَافِقُ يَتَزَيَّنُ، وَالْكَافِرُ يَتَمَتَّعُ، ﴿وَالنَّارُ مَثْوًى لَهُمْ﴾ .

(١) انظر: لسان العرب، مادة "تعس": ٦ / ٣٢.