Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/280)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

jihad or fighting thereafter. This will be at the descent of Jesus son of Mary, peace be upon him. It is related in a hadith from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “Jihad shall continue from the time Allah sent me until the last of my community fights the Dajjal (False Messiah).” (1)

Al-Kalbi said: “Until they accept Islam or make peace.”

Al-Farra said: “Until none remains but a Muslim or one at peace.”

“That”: this is the ruling concerning the disbelievers which I have mentioned and explained. “Had Allah willed, He could have taken retribution from them Himself,” destroying them and sparing you from having to deal with them without any fighting. “But” He commanded you to fight “so that He may test some of you by means of others”: thus, the believers who are killed attain reward, while the disbelievers who kill attain punishment. “As for those who were killed in the way of Allah”: the scholars of Basra and Hafs recited it as “were killed,” with a dammah on the qaf and a light kasrah on the ta, referring to the martyrs. The others recited it as “fought,” with an alif, from fighting; they are the mujahidin. “He will never allow their deeds to be lost.” Qatadah said: “We were told that this verse was revealed on the day of Uhud, when wounds and death had become widespread among the Muslims.” (2)

“He will guide them and set their condition aright (5), and admit them into Paradise, which He has made known to them (6).”

“He will guide them” during their worldly lives to the soundest courses, and in the Hereafter to the درجات, the ranks of Paradise. “And set their condition aright”: He will satisfy those who have claims against them and accept their deeds.

“And admit them into Paradise, which He has made known to them”: that is, He has shown them their dwellings in Paradise, so that they will find their homes without error and without needing anyone to direct them to them, as though they had dwelt there ever since they were created. Thus, a believer will find his way to his rank, his wife, and his servants more readily than he found his way to his home and family in this world. This is the view of most Quran commentators.

Ata related from Ibn Abbas: “Which He has made known to them” means: He has made it fragrant for them, derived from the word for a pleasant fragrance; and food—

(1) This is part of a hadith recorded by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Jihad, chapter: “Campaigning alongside unjust rulers,” 3:380; and by Sa'id ibn Mansur in al-Sunan, no. 2367, 2:143, on the authority of Anas ibn Malik. Al-Mundhiri said: “The narrator from Anas is Yazid ibn Abi Nushbah, and he is effectively unknown.” Ibn Hajar said in al-Taqrib: “Nushbah—beginning with a dammah on the nun and a silent shin—al-Sulami, unknown, from the fifth tier.” See also: al-Zayla'i, Nasb al-Rayah, 3:377; Majma' al-Zawa'id, 1:106. (2) Recorded by al-Tabari, 26:44, and by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:221. Al-Suyuti added in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:461, that it was also attributed to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn Abi Hatim.

يَكُونُ بَعْدَهُ جِهَادٌ وَلَا قِتَالٌ، وَذَلِكَ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ عِيسَى بن مَرْيَمَ ﵉، وَجَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: "الْجِهَادُ مَاضٍ مُنْذُ بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ إِلَى أَنْ يُقَاتِلَ آخِرُ أُمَّتِي الدَّجَّالَ". (١) وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: حَتَّى يُسْلِمُوا أَوْ يُسَالِمُوا. وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: حَتَّى لَا يَبْقَى إِلَّا مُسْلِمٌ أَوْ مُسَالِمٌ. ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ وَبَيَّنْتُ مِنْ حُكْمِ الْكُفَّارِ، ﴿وَلَوْ يَشَاءُ اللَّهُ لَانْتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ﴾ فَأَهْلَكَهُمْ وَكَفَاكُمْ أَمْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ، ﴿وَلَكِنْ﴾ أَمَرَكُمْ بِالْقِتَالِ، ﴿لِيَبْلُوَ بَعْضَكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ﴾ فَيَصِيرُ مَنْ قُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَى الثَّوَابِ وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ إِلَى الْعَذَابِ، ﴿وَالَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ وَحَفْصٌ: "قُتِلُوا" بِضَمِّ الْقَافِ وَكَسْرِ التَّاءِ خَفِيفٌ، يَعْنِي الشُّهَدَاءَ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ: "قَاتَلُوا" بِالْأَلْفِ مِنَ الْمُقَاتَلَةِ، وَهُمُ الْمُجَاهِدُونَ، ﴿فَلَنْ يُضِلَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: ذُكِرَ لَنَا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَقَدْ فَشَتْ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْجِرَاحَاتُ وَالْقَتْلُ. (٢) ﴿سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ (٥) وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ (٦) ﴾ ﴿سَيَهْدِيهِمْ﴾ أَيَّامَ حَيَاتِهِمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا إِلَى أَرْشَدِ الْأُمُورِ، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَى الدَّرَجَاتِ، ﴿وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ﴾ يُرْضِي خُصَمَاءَهُمْ وَيَقْبَلُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ. ﴿وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ﴾ أَيْ بَيَّنَ لَهُمْ مَنَازِلَهُمْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَهْتَدُوا إِلَى مساكنهم لا يخطؤون ولا يَسْتَدِلُّونَ عَلَيْهَا أَحَدًا كَأَنَّهُمْ سُكَّانُهَا مُنْذُ خُلِقُوا، فَيَكُونُ الْمُؤْمِنُ أَهْدَى إِلَى دَرَجَتِهِ، وَزَوْجَتِهِ وَخَدَمِهِ مِنْهُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ وَأَهْلِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، هَذَا قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ. وَرَوَى عَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: "عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ" أَيْ طَيَّبَهَا لَهُمْ، مِنَ الْعَرْفِ، وَهُوَ الرِّيحُ الطَّيِّبَةُ، وَطَعَامٌ

(١) قطعة من حديث أخرجه أبو داود في الجهاد، باب الغزو مع أئمة الجور: ٣ / ٣٨٠، وسعيد بن منصور في السنن برقم (٢٣٦٧) ٢ / ١٤٣ عن أنس بن مالك. قال المنذري: "والراوي عن أنس: يزيد بن أبي نشبة، وهو في معنى المجهول". قال ابن حجر في التقريب: "نشبة- بضم النون وسكون المعجمة- السلمي، مجهول من الخامسة". وانظر: نصب الراية للزيلعي: ٣ / ٣٧٧، مجمع الزوائد: ١ / ١٠٦. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٦ / ٤٤، وعبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ٢٢١، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٤٦١ عزوه لعبد بن حميد، وابن أبي حاتم.