Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/274)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah Muhammad—Madinan (1)

In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.

“Those who disbelieve and turn others away from the way of Allah—He will render their deeds void. (1) But those who believe, do righteous deeds, and believe in what has been sent down to Muhammad—and it is the truth from their Lord—He will absolve them of their misdeeds and set their condition right. (2) That is because those who disbelieve follow falsehood, whereas those who believe follow the truth from their Lord. Thus does Allah set forth for people their examples. (3)”

“Those who disbelieve and turn others away from the way of Allah—He will render their deeds void”: that is, He invalidated them and did not accept them. By “deeds,” He meant what they did of feeding people and maintaining ties of kinship. (2) Al-Dahhak said: “He nullified their plotting and scheming against the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, and caused the evil consequence to fall upon them.” (3)

“But those who believe, do righteous deeds, and believe in what has been sent down to Muhammad”: Sufyan al-Thawri said: “That is, they did not oppose him in anything.” “And it is the truth from their Lord”: Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “‘Those who disbelieve and turn others away’ refers to the polytheists of Mecca, while ‘those who believe and do righteous deeds’ refers to the Ansar.”

“He will absolve them of their misdeeds and set their condition right”: that is, their state. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “He protected them throughout their lives.” This means that this rectification refers to setting their deeds aright, so that they do not disobey Allah.

“That is because those who disbelieve follow falsehood”: that is, Satan. “Whereas those who believe follow the truth from their Lord”: that is, the Quran. “Thus does Allah set forth for people their examples”: that is, their likenesses. Al-Zajjaj said: “Thus Allah makes clear the examples of the believers’ good deeds and of the disbelievers’ deeds being rendered void.”

(1) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:456, to Ibn al-Durays, al-Nahhas, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Dala'il, on the authority of Ibn Abbas. (2) The text between the brackets is omitted from manuscript A. (3) See al-Qurtubi, 16:223.

سُورَةُ مُحَمَّدٍ مَدَنِيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ (١) وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَآمَنُوا بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ كَفَّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بَالَهُمْ (٢) ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا اتَّبَعُوا الْبَاطِلَ وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّبَعُوا الْحَقَّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ كَذَلِكَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ أَمْثَالَهُمْ (٣) ﴾ ﴿الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ﴾ أَبْطَلَهَا فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا [وَأَرَادَ بِالْأَعْمَالِ مَا فَعَلُوا مِنْ إِطْعَامِ الطَّعَامِ وَصِلَةِ الْأَرْحَامِ] (٢) قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: أَبْطَلَ كَيْدَهُمْ وَمَكْرَهُمْ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَجَعَلَ الدَّائِرَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ (٣) . ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَآمَنُوا بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ﴾ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: يَعْنِي لَمْ يُخَالِفُوهُ فِي شَيْءٍ ﴿وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: "الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا": مُشْرِكُو مَكَّةَ، "وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ": الْأَنْصَارُ. ﴿كَفَّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بَالَهُمْ﴾ حَالَهُمْ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا: عَصَمَهُمْ أَيَّامَ حَيَاتِهِمْ، يَعْنِي أَنَّ هَذَا الْإِصْلَاحَ يَعُودُ إِلَى إِصْلَاحِ أَعْمَالِهِمْ حَتَّى لَا يَعْصُوا. ﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا اتَّبَعُوا الْبَاطِلَ﴾ الشَّيْطَانَ، ﴿وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّبَعُوا الْحَقَّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ﴾ يَعْنِي الْقُرْآنَ ﴿كَذَلِكَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ أَمْثَالَهُمْ﴾ أَشْكَالَهُمْ، قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ أَمْثَالَ حَسَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَإِضْلَالِ أَعْمَالِ الْكَافِرِينَ.

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المننثور: ٧ / ٤٥٦ لابن الضريس، والنحاس، وابن مردويه، والبيهقي في الدلائل عن ابن عباس. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٣) انظر: القرطبي: ١٦ / ٢٢٣.