Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/272)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Others said: “They are six: Noah, Hud, Salih, Lot, Shu‘ayb, and Moses, peace be upon them. They are those mentioned in sequence in Surahs al-A‘raf and al-Shu‘ara’.”

Muqatil said: “They are six: Noah, who patiently bore the harm inflicted by his people; Abraham, who patiently endured the fire; Isaac, who patiently submitted to being sacrificed; Jacob, who patiently endured the loss of his son and the loss of his sight; Joseph, who patiently endured the well and imprisonment; and Job, who patiently endured affliction.”

Ibn ‘Abbas and Qatadah said: “They are Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus—the bearers of divinely revealed laws; thus, together with Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, they are five.”

I say: Allah mentioned them specifically in His words: “And remember when We took from the prophets their covenant, and from you, and from Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus son of Mary.” (al-Ahzab 33:7), and in His saying, Most High: “He has ordained for you the same religion which He enjoined upon Noah.” (al-Shura 42:13)

Abu Tahir al-Mutahhar ibn ‘Ali ibn ‘Ubayd Allah al-Farisi informed us; Abu Dharr Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, grandson of al-Salihani, related to us; Abu Muhammad ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ja‘far ibn Hayyan, known as Abu al-Shaykh al-Hafiz, informed us; ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Hatim informed us; Muhammad ibn al-Hajjaj informed us; al-Sari ibn Hayyan informed us; ‘Abbad ibn ‘Abbad informed us; Mujalid ibn Sa‘id related to us, from al-Sha‘bi, from Masruq, who said: ‘A’ishah said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to me:

“O ‘A’ishah, this worldly life is not fitting for Muhammad or for the family of Muhammad. O ‘A’ishah, Allah accepted from those endowed with firm resolve nothing less than patience in the face of its hardships and patience in enduring its severe trials. He accepted from me only that He charge me with what He charged them with. He said, ‘So be patient, as the messengers endowed with firm resolve were patient.’ By Allah, I must obey Him. By Allah, I shall surely be patient as they were patient, and strive as they strove. There is no power except through Allah.” (1)

His saying, Most High: “And do not seek to hasten it for them”: that is, do not seek to hasten the punishment upon them, for it will inevitably befall them. It was as though he had grown somewhat weary and wished for the punishment to descend upon those among them who refused him; thus, he was commanded to be patient and not to seek its hastening.

He was then informed of the nearness of the punishment, and He said:

(1) Ibn Abi Hatim transmitted it, as cited in Ibn Kathir, 4:173. In al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:454, al-Suyuti attributed it to al-Daylami's Musnad al-Firdaws, whose chain includes Mujalid ibn Sa'id, who is weak. The author of Sharh al-Sunnah also transmitted it, 14:248. Al-Arnaut attributed it to Abu al-Shaykh's Akhlaq al-Nabi, p. 293, stating: “He quoted it from the Tafsir of his teacher, Ibn Abi Hatim; its chain is weak due to the unknown status of al-Sari ibn Hayyan and the weakness of Mujalid ibn Sa'id.”

وَقِيلَ: هُمْ سِتَّةٌ: نُوحٌ، وَهُودٌ، وَصَالِحٌ، وَلُوطٌ، وَشُعَيْبٌ، وَمُوسَى، ﵈، وَهُمُ الْمَذْكُورُونَ عَلَى النَّسَقِ فِي سُورَةِ الْأَعْرَافِ وَالشُّعَرَاءِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: هُمْ سِتَّةٌ: نُوحٌ، صَبَرَ عَلَى أَذَى قَوْمِهِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ، صَبَرَ عَلَى النَّارِ، وَإِسْحَاقُ صَبَرَ عَلَى الذَّبْحِ، وَيَعْقُوبُ، صَبَرَ عَلَى فَقْدِ وَلَدِهِ وَذَهَابِ بَصَرِهِ، وَيُوسُفُ، صَبَرَ عَلَى الْبِئْرِ وَالسِّجْنِ، وَأَيُّوبُ، صَبَرَ عَلَى الضُّرِّ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وقَتَادَةُ: هُمْ نُوحٌ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ، وَمُوسَى، وَعِيسَى، أَصْحَابُ الشَّرَائِعِ، فَهُمْ مَعَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ خَمْسَةٌ. قُلْتُ: ذَكَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَلَى التَّخْصِيصِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: "وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِيثَاقَهُمْ وَمِنْكَ وَمِنْ نُوحٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ" (الْأَحْزَابِ-٧) ، وَفِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّى بِهِ نُوحًا" (الشُّورَى-١٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْمُطَهَّرُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْفَارِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ذَرٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ سِبْطُ الصَّالِحَانِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِأَبِي الشَّيْخِ الْحَافِظِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، أَخْبَرَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُجَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ الدُّنْيَا لَا تَنْبَغِي لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَلَا لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَرْضَ مِنْ أُولِي الْعَزْمِ إِلَّا بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى مَكْرُوهِهَا، وَالصَّبْرِ عَلَى مَجْهُودِهَا، وَلَمْ يَرْضَ إِلَّا أَنْ كَلَّفَنِي مَا كَلَّفَهُمْ، وَقَالَ: "فَاصْبِرْ كما صبر أولوا الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ" وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا بُدَّ لِي مِنْ طَاعَتِهِ، وَاللَّهَ لَأَصْبِرَنَّ كَمَا صَبَرُوا، وَأَجْهَدَنَّ كَمَا جَهِدُوا، وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ" (١) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلْ لَهُمْ﴾ أَيْ وَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلِ الْعَذَابَ لَهُمْ، فَإِنَّهُ نَازِلٌ بِهِمْ لَا مَحَالَةَ، كَأَنَّهُ ضَجَرَ بَعْضَ الضَّجَرِ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْعَذَابُ بِمَنْ أَبَى مِنْهُمْ، فَأُمِرَ بِالصَّبْرِ وَتَرَكِ الِاسْتِعْجَالِ. ثُمَّ أُخْبِرَ عَنْ قُرْبِ الْعَذَابِ فَقَالَ:

(١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم كما في ابن كثير: ٤ / ١٧٣، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٤٥٤ للديلمي في مسند الفردوس، وفيه مجالد بن سعيد وهو ضغيف، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٤٨ وقد عزاه الأرناؤوط لأبي الشيخ في "أخلاق النبي" ص (٢٩٣) وقال: "نقله من كتاب التفسير لشيخه ابن أبي حاتم، وإسناده ضعيف، لجهالة السري بن حيان وضعف مجالد بن سعيد".