Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/267)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and Allah revealed to His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “Say, ‘It has been revealed to me that a group of jinn listened...’” (al-Jinn 1). What was revealed to him was only what the jinn had said. (1)

It is also related that, when they returned, driven away by shooting stars, Iblis sent out his detachments to discover the news. The first mission he sent was a band from the people of Nusaybin, who were the nobles and chiefs of the jinn, and he dispatched them to Tihamah.

Abu Hamzah al-Thumali (2) said: “It has reached us that they belonged to the Shayṣabān, the most numerous of the jinn and the greater part of Iblis’s forces. When they returned, they said: ‘We have heard a wondrous Quran.’”

A group of scholars said instead that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was commanded to warn the jinn, call them to Allah Most High, and recite the Quran to them. So Allah directed to him a group of jinn from the people of Nineveh and gathered them for him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Tonight I have been commanded to recite to the jinn. Which of you will accompany me?” They lowered their heads. He then again asked them to accompany him, and they lowered their heads. When he asked them a third time, they again lowered their heads. Then Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud accompanied him.

Abdullah said: “No one other than I was present with him. We set out, and when we came to Mecca, the Prophet of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, entered a mountain pass called the Pass of al-Hajun. He drew a line for me, commanded me to sit within it, and said, ‘Do not leave it until I return to you.’ Then he went on until he stood and began reciting the Quran. I began to see forms like vultures swooping down, and I heard a tremendous tumult, until I feared for the Prophet of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Many dark figures gathered around him and came between him and me, until I could no longer hear his voice. Then they began to disperse, departing like fragments of cloud. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, finished at dawn and came to me. He said, ‘Did you sleep?’

“I replied, ‘No, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah. Several times I was about to call the people for help, until I heard you striking them with your staff and saying, “Sit down.”’ He said, ‘Had you come out, I could not have been sure that some of them would not snatch you away.’ Then he asked, ‘Did you see anything?’

“I said, ‘Yes, O Messenger of Allah. I saw black men, with white garments wrapped tightly around their loins.’ He said, ‘Those were the jinn of Nusaybin. They asked me for provisions—and provisions means supplies—so I provided them with every bare bone, every piece of dung, and every dung pellet.’

“He said: ‘They said, “O Messenger of Allah, people regard these as filthy.” So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade using bones and dung for cleansing oneself after relieving oneself.

“I said, ‘O Messenger ⦗125/b⦘ of Allah, how will that suffice them?’ He replied, ‘They do not find a bone without finding upon it the meat it had on the day it was eaten; nor do they find a piece of dung without finding in it the grain it contained on the day it was eaten.’

“I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I heard a tremendous tumult.’ He replied, ‘The jinn had disputed over one of their slain, who had been killed among them. They brought their case before me, and I judged between them with justice.’

“He said: Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, relieved himself and came to me. He asked, ‘Do you have any water?’ I replied, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I have a small waterskin containing some date infusion.’ He asked for it, and I poured it over his hand. He performed ablution and said, ‘A wholesome date and purifying water.’” (3)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Adhan, chapter on reciting aloud in the Fajr prayer, 2:253; and in Kitab al-Tafsir, 8:669. (2) In manuscript “A” it reads: “al-Yamani”; the correct reading is that which we have established. (3) Reported by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Taharah, chapter on performing wudu with nabidh (an infused drink), 1:82; al-Tirmidhi in Kitab al-Taharah, chapter on what has been reported concerning wudu with nabidh, 1:292. Abu Isa said: “This hadith has only been narrated from Abu Zayd, from Abdullah, from the Prophet. Abu Zayd is unknown to the hadith scholars; no narration of his is known besides this hadith. Some scholars, including Sufyan al-Thawri and others, held that wudu may be performed with nabidh.” It was also reported by Ibn Majah in Kitab al-Taharah, chapter on wudu with nabidh, no. 384, 1:135. He said: “The hadith revolves around Abu Zayd, who is unknown to the hadith scholars.” Also reported by Imam Ahmad, 1:450; Abd al-Razzaq, 1:238; and Ibn al-Mundhir in al-Awsat, 1:256. See also al-Zaylai, Nasb al-Rayah, 1:137-138; and Ibn al-Mundhir, al-Awsat, 1:253-257.

فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ: "قُلْ أُوحِي إِلَيَّ أَنَّهُ اسْتَمَعَ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْجِنِّ"، (الْجِنِّ-١) وَإِنَّمَا أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ قَوْلَ الْجِنِّ (١) . وَرُوِيَ: أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا رَجَعُوا بِالشُّهُبِ بَعَثَ إِبْلِيسُ سَرَايَاهُ لِتَعْرِفَ الْخَبَرَ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلُ بَعْثٍ بَعَثَ رَكْبًا مِنْ أَهْلِ نَصِيبِينَ، وَهْمُ أَشْرَافُ الْجِنِّ وَسَادَاتُهُمْ، فَبَعَثَهُمْ إِلَى تِهَامَةَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ [الثُّمَّالِيُّ] (٢) : بَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُمْ مَنَّ الشَّيْصَبَانِ وَهُمْ أَكْثَرُ الْجِنِّ عَدَدًا، وَهُمْ عَامَّةُ جُنُودِ إِبْلِيسَ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا قَالُوا: "إِنَّا سَمِعَنَا قُرْآنًا عَجَبًا". وَقَالَ جَمَاعَةٌ: بَلْ أُمِرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُنْذِرَ الْجِنَّ وَيَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَيَقْرَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَصَرَفَ إِلَيْهِ نَفَرًا مِنَ الْجِنِّ مِنْ أَهْلِ نِينَوَى، وَجَمْعَهُمْ لَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَى الْجِنِّ اللَّيْلَةَ، فَأَيُّكُمْ يَتْبَعُنِي؟ فَأَطْرَقُوا ثُمَّ اسْتَتْبَعَهُمْ فَأَطْرَقُوا، ثُمَّ اسْتَتْبَعَهُمُ الثَّالِثَةَ فَأَطْرَقُوا، فَاتَّبَعَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: وَلَمْ يَحْضُرْ مَعَهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرِي، فَانْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا عَلَى مَكَّةَ دَخَلَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ شِعْبًا يُقَالُ لَهُ: شِعْبُ الْحَجُونِ، وَخَطَّ لِي خَطًّا ثُمَّ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَجْلِسَ فِيهِ، وَقَالَ: لَا تَخْرُجْ مِنْهُ حَتَّى أَعُودَ إِلَيْكَ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ حَتَّى قَامَ فَافْتَتَحَ الْقُرْآنَ، فَجَعَلْتُ أَرَى أَمْثَالَ النُّسُورِ تَهْوِي، وَسَمِعْتُ لَغَطًا شَدِيدًا حَتَّى خِفْتُ عَلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَغَشِيَتْهُ أَسْوِدَةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ حَالَتْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ، حَتَّى مَا أَسْمَعُ صَوْتَهُ، ثُمَّ طَفِقُوا يَتَقَطَّعُونَ مِثْلَ قِطَعِ السَّحَابِ ذَاهِبِينَ، فَفَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ الْفَجْرِ، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَيَّ وَقَالَ: أَنِمْتَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: لَا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ مِرَارًا أَنْ أَسْتَغِيثَ بِالنَّاسِ حَتَّى سَمِعْتُكَ تَقْرَعُهُمْ بِعَصَاكَ، تَقُولُ: اجْلِسُوا، قَالَ: لَوْ خَرَجْتَ لَمْ آمَنْ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ يَتَخَطَّفَكَ بَعْضُهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَ شَيْئًا؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَأَيْتُ رِجَالًا سُودًا مُسْتَثْفِرِي ثِيَابٍ بِيضٍ، قَالَ: أُولَئِكَ جِنُّ نَصِيبِينَ سَأَلُونِي الْمَتَاعَ -وَالْمَتَاعُ الزَّادُ-فَمَتَّعَتْهُمْ بِكُلِّ عَظْمٍ حَائِلٍ وَرَوْثَةٍ وَبَعْرَةٍ. قَالَ: فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تُقَذِّرُهَا النَّاسُ، فَنَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يُسْتَنْجَى بِالْعَظْمِ وَالرَّوَثِ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا يُغْنِي ذَلِكَ عَنْهُمْ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّهُمْ لَا يَجِدُونَ عَظْمًا إِلَّا وَجَدُوا عَلَيْهِ لَحْمَهُ يَوْمَ أُكِلَ، وَلَا رَوْثَةً إِلَّا وَجَدُوا فِيهَا حَبَّهَا يَوْمَ أُكِلَتْ، قَالَ فَقُلْتُ: يا رسول ١٢٥/ب اللَّهِ سَمِعْتُ لَغَطًا شَدِيدًا؟ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْجِنَّ تَدَارَأَتْ فِي قَتِيلٍ قُتِلَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَتَحَاكَمُوا إِلَيَّ فَقَضَيْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ تَبَرَّزَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ أَتَانِي، فَقَالَ: هَلْ مَعَكَ مَاءٌ؟ قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَعِي إِدَاوَةٌ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ نَبِيذِ التَّمْرِ، فَاسْتَدْعَاهُ فَصَبَبْتُ عَلَى يَدِهِ فَتَوَضَّأَ وَقَالَ: "تَمْرَةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ وَمَاءٌ طَهُورٌ" (٣) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأذان، باب الجهر بقراءة صلاة الفجر: ٢ / ٢٥٣، والتفسير: ٨ / ٦٦٩. (٢) في "أ" اليماني، والصحيح ما أثبتناه. (٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الطهارة، باب: الوضوء بالنبيذ: ١ / ٨٢، والترمذي في الطهارة، باب: ما جاء في الوضوء بالنبيذ: ١ / ٢٩٢ قال أبو عيسى: "وإنما روي هذا الحديث عن أبي زيد عن عبد الله عن النبي ﷺ، وأبو زيد رجل مجهول عند أهل الحديث، لا تعرف له رواية غير هذا الحديث، وقد رأى بعض أهل العلم الوضوء بالنبيذ، منهم سفيان الثوري وغيره" وابن ماجه في الطهارة، باب الوضوء بالنبيذ برقم: (٣٨٤) ١ / ١٣٥ وقال: "مدار الحديث على أبي زيد وهو مجهول عند أهل الحديث" والإمام أحمد: ١ / ٤٥٠، وعبد الرزاق: ١ / ٢٣٨، وابن المنذر في الأوسط: ١ / ٢٥٦، وانظر: نصب الراية للزيلعي: ١ / ١٣٧-١٣٨، الأوسط لابن المنذر: ١ / ٢٥٣-٢٥٧.