Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/264)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

in the accusative case—meaning: O Muhammad, you would see nothing but their dwellings, for the inhabitants and livestock had perished in the wind. None remained except Hud and those who believed with him. “Thus do We repay the criminal people.”

“And We had certainly established them in that wherein We have not established you, and We gave them hearing, sight, and hearts; yet neither their hearing, nor their sight, nor their hearts availed them at all, since they used to deny the signs of Allah. And that which they used to ridicule engulfed them. (26) And We certainly destroyed the towns around you, and We set forth the signs in various ways, so that they might return. (27) Then why did those whom they took besides Allah as gods through whom to seek nearness not help them? Rather, they forsook them. That was their falsehood and what they used to fabricate. (28)”

“And We had certainly established them in that wherein We have not established you”: that is, in bodily strength, long lives, and abundant wealth—things in which We did not establish you.

Al-Mubarrad said: “The word mā in the phrase ‘in that wherein’ has the sense of ‘that which,’ while in has the sense of negation. Thus, its meaning is: ‘We had certainly established them in that wherein We had not established you.’” “And We gave them hearing, sight, and hearts; yet neither their hearing, nor their sight, nor their hearts availed them at all, since they used to deny the signs of Allah. And that which they used to ridicule engulfed them.”

“And We certainly destroyed the towns around you,” O people of Mecca, “such as the towns of al-Hijr, the land of Sodom, and others like them. And We set forth the signs in various ways”: the proofs and clear evidences, “so that they might return” from their disbelief. Yet they did not return, so We destroyed them. In this, He warns the idolaters of Mecca.

“Then why did not those whom they took besides Allah as gods through whom to seek nearness help them?” That is, the idols which they took as gods, seeking through them to draw near to Allah. The term qurbān refers to everything by which one draws near to Allah; its plural is qarābīn, like ruhbān and rahābīn.

“Rather, they forsook them.” Muqatil said: Rather, the gods forsook them and did not benefit them when the punishment came upon them. “That was their falsehood”: that is, their lie when they claimed that these idols would bring them near to Allah and intercede for them; “and what they used to fabricate”—their false claim that they were gods.

نَصْبٌ يَعْنِي لَا تَرَى أَنْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِلَّا مَسَاكِنَهُمْ لِأَنَّ السُّكَّانَ وَالْأَنْعَامَ بَادَتْ بِالرِّيحِ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا هُودٌ وَمَنْ آمَنَ مَعَهُ. ﴿كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ﴾ . ﴿وَلَقَدْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِيمَا إِنْ مَكَّنَّاكُمْ فِيهِ وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ سَمْعًا وَأَبْصَارًا وَأَفْئِدَةً فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُهُمْ وَلَا أَفْئِدَتُهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِذْ كَانُوا يَجْحَدُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ (٢٦) وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا مَا حَوْلَكُمْ مِنَ الْقُرَى وَصَرَّفْنَا الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ (٢٧) فَلَوْلَا نَصَرَهُمُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ قُرْبَانًا آلِهَةً بَلْ ضَلُّوا عَنْهُمْ وَذَلِكَ إِفْكُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ (٢٨) ﴾ ﴿وَلَقَدْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِيمَا إِنْ مَكَّنَّاكُمْ فِيهِ﴾ يَعْنِي فِيمَا لَمْ نُمَكِّنْكُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ قُوَّةِ الْأَبْدَانِ وَطُولِ الْعُمْرِ وَكَثْرَةِ الْمَالِ. قَالَ الْمُبَرِّدُ: "مَا" فِي قَوْلِهِ "فِيمَا" بِمَنْزِلَةِ الَّذِي، وَ"إِنَّ" بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَا، وَتَقْدِيرُهُ: وَلَقَدْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِي الَّذِي مَا مَكَّنَّاكُمْ فِيهِ. ﴿وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ سَمْعًا وَأَبْصَارًا وَأَفْئِدَةً فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُهُمْ وَلَا أَفْئِدَتُهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِذْ كَانُوا يَجْحَدُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ﴾ . ﴿وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا مَا حَوْلَكُمْ﴾ يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ، ﴿مِنَ الْقُرَى﴾ كَحِجْرٍ ثَمُودٍ وَأَرْضِ سَدُومَ وَنَحْوِهِمَا، ﴿وَصَرَّفْنَا الْآيَاتِ﴾ الْحُجَجَ وَالْبَيِّنَاتِ، ﴿لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ﴾ عَنْ كُفْرِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَرْجِعُوا، فَأَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ، يُخَوِّفُ مُشْرِكِي مَكَّةَ. ﴿فَلَوْلَا﴾ فَهَلَّا ﴿نَصَرَهُمُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ قُرْبَانًا آلِهَةً﴾ يَعْنِي الْأَوْثَانَ، اتَّخَذُوهَا آلِهَةً يَتَقَرَّبُونَ بِهَا إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿، "الْقُرْبَانُ": كُلُّ مَا يُتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿، وَجَمْعُهُ: "قَرَابِينُ"، كَالرُّهْبَانِ وَالرَّهَابِينِ. ﴿بَلْ ضَلُّوا عَنْهُمْ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: بَلْ ضَلَّتِ الْآلِهَةُ عَنْهُمْ فَلَمْ تَنْفَعْهُمْ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْعَذَابِ بِهِمْ، ﴿وَذَلِكَ إِفْكُهُمْ﴾ أَيْ كَذِبُهُمُ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ إِنَّهَا تُقَرِّبُهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ وَتَشْفَعُ لَهُمْ، ﴿وَمَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ﴾ يَكْذِبُونَ أَنَّهَا آلِهَةٌ.