Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/260)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And on the Day when those who disbelieved are brought before the Fire: ‘You exhausted your good things in your worldly life and enjoyed them. So today you will be recompensed with the punishment of humiliation because you acted arrogantly in the earth without right, and because you persisted in disobedience.’” (20)

Regarding His saying, “And on the Day when those who disbelieved are brought before the Fire,” they will be told: “You exhausted your good things in your worldly life.” Ibn Kathir, Ibn Amir, Abu Ja‘far, and Ya‘qub recited it as an interrogative; Ibn Amir pronounced both hamzahs. The others recited it as a statement, without interrogation. Both readings are eloquent, for the Arabs may employ interrogation as a rebuke or omit it, saying, “You did such-and-such?”

“And enjoyed them”: that is, you exhausted your good things—the pleasures—and enjoyed them. “So today you will be recompensed with the punishment of humiliation”: that is, a punishment containing abasement and disgrace, “because you acted arrogantly” [behaved arrogantly] (1) “in the earth without right, and because you persisted in disobedience.”

When Allah censured the disbelievers for enjoying wholesome things in this world, the Prophet, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, his Companions, and the righteous chose to abstain from worldly pleasures, hoping for the reward of the Hereafter.

It is related from Umar, who said: I entered upon the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, and found him reclining upon the woven strands of a mat, which had left marks on his side. I said, “O Messenger of Allah, supplicate to Allah to grant abundance to your Ummah, for the Persians and the Romans have been granted abundance, though they do not worship Allah.” He replied, “They are a people whose good things have been hastened for them in the worldly life.” (2)

Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abd al-Samad al-Jawzajani informed us; Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn Ahmad al-Khuza‘i informed us; Abu Sa‘id al-Haytham ibn Kulayb informed us; Abu ‘Isa al-Tirmidhi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna and Muhammad ibn Bashshar narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Ja‘far narrated to us; Shu‘bah narrated from Abu Ishaq, who said: I heard Abd al-Rahman ibn Yazid narrating from al-Aswad ibn Yazid, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said: The household of Muhammad, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, never ate their fill of barley bread for two consecutive days until the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, passed away. (3)

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Husayn ibn Bishran informed us; Isma‘il ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn al-Mansur al-Ramadi narrated to us; Abd al-Razzaq narrated to us; Ma‘mar narrated to us, from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: A month would pass over us without our kindling a fire, and we had nothing but

(1) Added from manuscript “B.” (2) Part of a lengthy hadith reported by al-Bukhari in The Book of Marriage, chapter: “A Man’s Admonition to His Daughter Regarding Her Husband’s Circumstances,” 9:278-279; and likewise by Muslim in The Book of Divorce, chapter: “Concerning ila', separation from women, and giving them the choice,” no. 1479, 2:1105-1108; and in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:270-271. Rimal refers to a fabric woven from palm fronds; one says ramalt al-hasir or armaltuhu, “I wove the mat.” (3) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in Al-Shama'il, p. 92; by Muslim in The Book of Asceticism, no. 2970, 4:2281; and in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:273.

﴿وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهَا فَالْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَفْسُقُونَ (٢٠) ﴾ ﴿وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ﴾ فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ: ﴿أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ، وَابْنُ عَامِرٍ، وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، وَيَعْقُوبُ: "أَأَذْهَبْتُمْ"، بِالِاسْتِفْهَامِ وَيَهْمِزُ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ هَمْزَتَيْنِ، وَالْآخَرُونَ بِلَا اسْتِفْهَامٍ عَلَى الْخَبَرِ، وَكِلَاهُمَا فَصِيحَانِ، لِأَنَّ الْعَرَبَ تَسْتَفْهِمُ بِالتَّوْبِيخِ، وَتَرْكِ الِاسْتِفْهَامِ فَتَقُولُ: أَذَهَبْتَ فَفَعَلْتَ كَذَا؟ ﴿وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهَا﴾ يَقُولُ: أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ يَعْنِي اللَّذَّاتِ وَتَمَتَّعْتُمْ بِهَا؟ ﴿فَالْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ﴾ أَيِ الْعَذَابَ الَّذِي فِيهِ ذُلٌّ وَخِزْيٌّ، ﴿بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ﴾ [تَتَكَبَّرُونَ] (١) ﴿فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَفْسُقُونَ﴾ فَلَمَّا وَبَّخَ اللَّهُ الْكَافِرِينَ بِالتَّمَتُّعِ بِالطَّيِّبَاتِ فِي الدُّنْيَا آثَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَالصَّالِحُونَ اجْتِنَابَ اللَّذَّاتِ فِي الدُّنْيَا رَجَاءَ ثَوَابِ الْآخِرَةِ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا هُوَ مُضْطَجِعٌ عَلَى رِمَالِ حَصِيرٍ قَدْ أَثَّرَ الرِّمَالُ بِجَنْبِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ادْعُ اللَّهَ فَلْيُوَسِّعْ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ فَإِنَّ فَارِسَ وَالرُّومَ قَدْ وُسِّعَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ لَا يَعْبُدُونَ اللَّهَ، فَقَالَ: "أُولَئِكَ قَوْمٌ عُجِّلُوا طَيِّبَاتُهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الْجَوْزَجَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ يَزِيدَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: مَا شَبِعَ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ مِنْ خُبْزِ الشَّعِيرِ يَوْمَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ حَتَّى قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمَنْصُورِ الرَّمَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: لَقَدْ كَانَ يَأْتِي عَلَيْنَا الشَّهْرُ مَا نُوقِدُ فِيهِ نَارًا وَمَا هُوَ

(١) زيلدة من "ب". (٢) قطعة من حديث طويل أخرجه البخاري في النكاح، باب موعظة الرجل ابنته لحال زوجها: ٩ / ٢٧٨-٢٧٩، وكذلك عند مسلم في الطلاق، باب: في الإيلاء واعتزال النساء وتخييرهن.. برقم: (١٤٧٩) : ٢ / ١١٠٥-١١٠٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٧٠-٢٧١.والرمال: نسيج من السعف، يقال: رملت الحصير وأرملت. (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في الشمائل ص (٩٢) ومسلم في الزهد برقم: (٢٩٧٠) : ٤ / ٢٢٨١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٧٣.