Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/253)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

with you; so what will be done with us?” Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed: “That He may admit the believing men and believing women into gardens...” to the end of the verse (al-Fath 5), and He revealed: “And give glad tidings to the believers that they will have from Allah great bounty” (al-Ahzab 47). Thus Allah, exalted is He, clarified what would be done with him and with them. This was the view of Anas, Qatadah, al-Hasan, and Ikrimah. They said: He only said this before Allah informed him ⦗123/a⦘ that his sin had been forgiven; [and he was only informed that his sin had been forgiven] (1) in the year of al-Hudaybiyyah, and thus this was abrogated (2).

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Husayn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Bishran informed us; Ismail ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi related to us; Abd al-Razzaq related to us; Mamar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Kharijah ibn Zayd, who said: Umm al-Ala al-Ansariyyah used to say: “When the Emigrants arrived in Madinah, the Ansar drew lots to determine their accommodation. Uthman ibn Mazun was assigned to us for lodging (3). He fell ill, and we nursed him; then he died. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, came and entered. I said, ‘May Allah have mercy on you, Abu al-Saib! I testify that Allah has honored you.’ The Prophet, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, said, ‘How do you know that Allah has honored him?’ I replied, ‘No, by Allah, I do not know.’ The Prophet, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, said, ‘As for him, certainty from his Lord has come to him, and I hope good for him. Yet by Allah, although I am the Messenger of Allah, I do not know what will be done with me or with you.’” She said: “By Allah, after that I would never declare anyone righteous.” She further said: “Afterwards, I saw in a dream a flowing spring belonging to Uthman, and I related it to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him. He said, ‘That is his deed.’” (4)

A group said that His saying, “I do not know what will be done with me or with you,” concerns this world. As for the Hereafter, he knew that he would be in Paradise and that whoever rejected him would be in the Fire. They then differed concerning its meaning.

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: When the affliction upon the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, became severe, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, saw in a dream, while he was in Makkah, a land of salt flats and palm trees presented to him, to which he was to emigrate. His Companions said to him, “When will you emigrate to the land that you were shown?” He remained silent. Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse: “I do not know what will be done with me or with you”: Will I be left in my present place, or will I depart with you to the land that was shown to me (5)?

Others said that His saying, “I do not know what will be done with me or with you,” means: I do not know what will become of my affair and your affair in this world—whether I will remain with you where you are, or be expelled as the prophets before me were expelled, or be killed as the prophets before me were killed. And as for you, O believers, I do not know

(1) The text between parentheses is an addition from manuscript “B.” (2) See: al-Tabari, 26:7; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 4:156; al-Qurtubi, 16:185. (3) Manuscript “A” reads, “So he shared with us,” while al-Musannaf reads, “So it became ours.” (4) Recorded by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Jami' of Imam Ma'mar, al-Musannaf, 11:237; by al-Bukhari in al-Ta'bir, chapter: “A Flowing Spring in a Dream,” 12:410; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:243-244. (5) See: Asbab al-Nuzul by al-Wahidi, p. 439; al-Qurtubi, 16:186-187.

بِكَ، فَمَاذَا يُفْعَلُ بِنَا؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "لِيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ" الْآيَةَ، (الْفَتْحِ-٥) وَأَنْزَلَ: "وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَضْلًا كَبِيرًا" (الْأَحْزَابِ-٤٧) فَبَيَّنَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَا يُفْعَلُ بِهِ وَبِهِمْ. وَهَذَا قَوْلُ أَنَسٍ وَقَتَادَةَ وَالْحَسَنِ وَعِكْرِمَةَ، قَالُوا: إِنَّمَا قَالَ هَذَا قَبْلَ أن يخبر ١٢٣/أبِغُفْرَانِ ذَنْبِهِ [وَإِنَّمَا أُخْبِرَ بِغُفْرَانِ ذَنْبِهِ] (١) عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَنُسِخَ ذَلِكَ (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ أُمُّ الْعَلَاءِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ تَقُولُ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ الْمَدِينَةَ اقْتَرَعَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ عَلَى سُكْنَتِهِمْ، قَالَتْ [فَطَارَ لَنَا] (٣) عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ فِي السُّكْنَى، فَمَرِضَ فَمَرَّضْنَاهُ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَدَخَلَ فَقُلْتُ: رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ أَبَا السَّائِبِ فَشَهَادَتِي قَدْ أَكْرَمَكَ اللَّهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَكْرَمَهُ"؟ فَقُلْتُ: لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أَدْرِي، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "أَمَّا هُوَ فَقَدْ أَتَاهُ الْيَقِينُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَإِنِّي لِأَرْجُو لَهُ الْخَيْرَ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي وَأَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مَا يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلَا بِكُمْ" قَالَتْ: فَوَاللَّهِ لَا أُزَكِّي بَعْدَهُ أَحَدًا أَبَدًا، قَالَتْ: ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ لِعُثْمَانَ بَعْدُ فِي النَّوْمِ عَيْنًا تَجْرِي فَقَصَصْتُهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: "ذَاكَ عَمَلُهُ" (٤) . وَقَالَ جَمَاعَةٌ: قَوْلُهُ "وَمَا أَدْرِي مَا يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلَا بِكُمْ" فِي الدُّنْيَا، أَمَّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ فَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَأَنَّ مَنْ كَذَّبَهُ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ، ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: لَمَّا اشْتَدَّ الْبَلَاءُ بِأَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّائِمُ وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ أَرْضًا ذَاتَ سِبَاخٍ وَنَخْلٍ رُفِعَتْ لَهُ، يُهَاجِرُ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ مَتَى تُهَاجِرُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي أُرِيتَ؟ فَسَكَتَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: "وَمَا أَدْرِي مَا يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلَا بِكُمْ"، أَأُتْرَكُ فِي مَكَانِي أَمْ أَخْرُجُ وَإِيَّاكُمْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي رُفِعَتْ لِي (٥) ؟. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: "وَمَا أَدْرِي مَا يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلَا بِكُمْ" إِلَى مَاذَا يَصِيرُ أَمْرِي وَأَمْرُكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا، بِأَنْ أُقِيمَ مَعَكُمْ فِي مَكَانِكُمْ أَمْ أُخْرَجَ كَمَا أُخْرِجَتِ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ مِنْ قَبْلِي، أَمْ أُقْتَلَ كَمَا قُتِلَ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ، مِنْ قَبْلِي وَأَنْتُمْ أَيُّهَا الْمُصَدِّقُونَ لَا أَدْرِي

(١) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٢) انظر: الطبري: ٢٦ / ٧، تفسير ابن كثير: ٤ / ١٥٦، القرطبي: ١٦ / ١٨٥. (٣) في "أ" (فشاركنا) وفي "المصنف": فصار لنا. (٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في الجامع للإمام معمر، المصنف: ١١ / ٢٣٧، والبخاري في التعبير، باب العين الجارية في المنام: ١٢ / ٤١٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٢٤٣-٢٤٤. (٥) انظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي: ص ٤٣٩، القرطبي: ١٦ / ١٨٦-١٨٧.