Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/242)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Tell those who believe to forgive those who do not expect the Days of Allah, so that He may recompense a people for what they used to earn.” (14)

“He hears the verses of Allah recited to him, then persists arrogantly as though he had never heard them. So give him tidings of a painful punishment. And when he learns anything of Our verses”—Muqatil said: “that is, from the Quran”—“he takes them in mockery. Such people will have a humiliating punishment.” The plural form is used in reference to the word “every” in His saying: “For every sinful liar.”

“Behind them,” meaning before them, “lies Hell.” That is, in this world they are [allowed to enjoy their wealth] (1), while in the Hereafter the Fire awaits them, into which they will enter. “Nothing of what they have earned,” of wealth, “will avail them in any way; nor will the protectors they have taken besides Allah,” nor the gods besides Allah whom they worshipped. “And theirs will be a tremendous punishment.”

“This,” meaning this Quran, “is guidance,” leading away from error. “As for those who disbelieve in the verses of their Lord, theirs will be a painful punishment of agonizing torment.”

“Allah is the One who has subjected the sea to you, so that ships may sail upon it by His command, and so that you may seek of His bounty, and perhaps you may give thanks. And He has subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth.” The meaning of His subjecting them is that He created them for our benefit. Thus, they are made subservient to us insofar as we benefit from them. “All from Him”; so do not set up rivals with Allah. Ibn Abbas said: “All from Him”—all of this is a mercy from Him. Al-Zajjaj said: All of this is a favour and kindness from Him. “Indeed, in that are signs for a people who reflect.”

“Tell those who believe to forgive those who do not expect the Days of Allah,” that is, those who do not fear Allah’s punishments and pay no heed to His vengeance. Ibn Abbas and Muqatil said: It was revealed concerning Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, when a man from Banu Ghifar insulted him in Mecca. Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, intended to strike him, whereupon Allah revealed this verse,

(1) The text in parentheses is absent from both manuscripts, but is required by the meaning and appears in the printed edition.

﴿قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَغْفِرُوا لِلَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ أَيَّامَ اللَّهِ لِيَجْزِيَ قَوْمًا بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ (١٤) ﴾ ﴿يَسْمَعُ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُصِرُّ مُسْتَكْبِرًا كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ وَإِذَا عَلِمَ مِنْ آيَاتِنَا﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، ﴿شَيْئًا اتَّخَذَهَا هُزُوًا أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ﴾ وَذُكِرَ بِلَفْظِ الْجَمْعِ رَدًّا إِلَى "كُلِّ" فِي قَوْلِهِ: "لِكُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ". ﴿مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ﴾ أَمَامَهُمْ، ﴿جَهَنَّمُ﴾ يَعْنِي أَنَّهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا [مُمَتَّعُونَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ] (١) وَلَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ النَّارُ يَدْخُلُونَهَا، ﴿وَلَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُمْ مَا كَسَبُوا﴾ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ، ﴿شَيْئًا وَلَا مَا اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ﴾ وَلَا مَا عَبَدُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْآلِهَةِ، ﴿وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾ . ﴿هَذَا﴾ يَعْنِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ، ﴿هُدًى﴾ بَيَانٌ مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ، ﴿وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مِنْ رِجْزٍ أَلِيمٌ﴾ . ﴿اللَّهُ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْبَحْرَ لِتَجْرِيَ الْفُلْكُ فِيهِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ وَمَعْنَى تَسْخِيرِهَا أَنَّهُ خَلَقَهَا لِمَنَافِعِنَا. فَهُوَ مُسَخَّرٌ لَنَا مِنْ حَيْثُ إِنَّا نَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ، ﴿جَمِيعًا مِنْهُ﴾ فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: "جَمِيعًا مِنْهُ"، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ رَحْمَةً مِنْهُ. قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ تَفَضُّلٌ مِنْهُ وَإِحْسَانٌ. ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ﴾ . ﴿قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَغْفِرُوا لِلَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ أَيَّامَ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ لَا يَخَافُونَ وَقَائِعَ اللَّهِ وَلَا يُبَالُونَ نِقْمَتَهُ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ شَتْمَهُ بِمَكَّةَ فَهَمَّ عُمَرُ -رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ-أَنْ يَبْطِشَ بِهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ،

(١) ما بين القوسين غير موجود في النسختين لكن المعنى يقتضيه وهو في المطبوع.