Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/259)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

their blood. “Then, when they have purified themselves” means: when they have bathed. “Then approach them,” that is, have intercourse with them, “from where Allah has commanded you”—that is, in the place from which He commanded you to abstain from them: the genital passage. This was the view of Mujahid, Qatadah, and Ikrimah. Ibn Abbas said: “Have intercourse with them in the genital passage, and do not go beyond it to another place”—that is, avoid the anus.

It was also said that “from” here means “in”: in the place where Allah, Most High, commanded you, namely the genital passage. This is like His saying: “When the call to prayer is made on Friday” (62:9), meaning, on Friday. It was also said that “then approach them” means: approach them in the manner Allah commanded you to approach them, namely, when they are in a state of purity. Ibn al-Hanafiyyah said: by way of what is lawful, not through immorality. It was also said: Do not approach them while they are fasting, observing spiritual retreat, or in the state of pilgrim consecration; rather, approach them when intercourse with them is lawful for you.

Know that none of the prohibitions brought about by menstruation is lifted merely by the cessation of blood, until she bathes or performs dry ablution when water is unavailable, except for the prohibition of fasting. Thus, if a menstruating woman’s blood ceases at night and she intends to fast, her fast is valid even if she bathes during the day. Divorce during menstruation is contrary to the Sunnah; but if he divorces her after the blood has ceased, before she has bathed, it is not contrary to the Sunnah. Abu Hanifah, may Allah have mercy on him, held that if her blood ceases at the maximum duration of menstruation, which is ten days, then her husband may have intercourse with her before she bathes. Mujahid and Tawus said: If she washes her genital area, then her husband may have intercourse with her before the bath.

Most scholars hold that this remains prohibited until she bathes or performs dry ablution when water is unavailable, because Allah, Most High, has made the permissibility of intercourse with her contingent upon two conditions: ⦗36/A⦘ the cessation of blood and bathing. He said: “Until they are pure,” meaning, from menstruation; then, “when they have purified themselves,” meaning, when they have bathed; then, “approach them.” Whoever recites the word with consonant doubling, its meaning is bathing, just as Allah, Most High, says: “And if you are in a state of major ritual impurity, then purify yourselves” (5:6), that is, bathe. This indicates that intercourse is not lawful before bathing.

His saying, Most High: “Indeed, Allah loves those who constantly repent, and He loves those who purify themselves.” Ata, Muqatil ibn Sulayman, and al-Kalbi said: He loves those who repent of sins, and He loves those who purify themselves with water from states of ritual impurity and filth. Muqatil ibn Hayyan said: He loves those who repent of sins and those who purify themselves from associationism. Sa'id ibn Jubayr said: those who repent of associationism and those who purify themselves from sins. Mujahid said: those who repent of sins and do not return to them, and those who keep themselves free of them and have not committed them. One who constantly repents is one who repents whenever he sins. Its parallel is His saying, Most High: “Indeed, He is ever Forgiving toward those who constantly turn to Him” (17:25).

His saying, Most High: “Your wives are a tilth for you; so approach your tilth as you wish.” Abu Sa'id Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; Abd Allah ibn Hamid al-Asbahani informed us; Muhammad ibn Ya'qub informed us; Ibn al-Munadi informed us; Yunus informed us; Ya'qub al-Qummi informed us, from Ja'far ibn al-Mughirah, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: Umar came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, “Messenger of Allah, I am ruined!” He said, “What has ruined you?” He said, “Last night I turned my mount around.” He gave him no reply, and Allah revealed to him: “Your wives are a tilth for you; so approach your tilth as you wish.” That is: approach from behind or from in front, but avoid the anus and menstruation. (1)

(1) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in the Tafsir section, who said: “This is a hasan gharib hadith,” 8:324; and by Imam Ahmad, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, 1:297. Al-Mubarakfuri also attributed it to Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah. See Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi, 8:324; and Ibn Kathir, 1:463. Al-Suyuti likewise attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd, al-Nasai, Abu Yala, Ibn Jarir, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Hibban, al-Tabarani, al-Bayhaqi, and al-Diya. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 1:629.

دَمُهُنَّ ﴿فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ﴾ يَعْنِي اغْتَسَلْنَ ﴿فَأْتُوهُنَّ﴾ أَيْ فَجَامِعُوهُنَّ ﴿مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ أَيْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمْ أَنْ تَعْتَزِلُوهُنَّ مِنْهُ، وَهُوَ الْفَرْجُ، قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ وَقَتَادَةُ وَعِكْرِمَةُ، وَقَالَ ابن عباس: طؤوهن فِي الْفَرْجِ وَلَا تَعْدُوهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ أَيِ اتَّقُوا الْأَدْبَارَ، وَقِيلَ ﴿مِنْ﴾ بِمَعْنَى ﴿فِي﴾ أَيْ فِي حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَهُوَ الْفَرْجُ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ" (٩-الْجُمُعَةِ) أَيْ فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَقِيلَ ﴿فَأْتُوهُنَّ﴾ الْوَجْهَ الَّذِي أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَأْتُوهُنَّ وَهُوَ الطُّهْرُ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ: مِنْ قِبَلِ الْحَلَالِ دُونَ الْفُجُورِ، وَقِيلَ: لَا تَأْتُوهُنَّ صَائِمَاتٍ وَلَا مُعْتَكِفَاتٍ وَلَا مُحْرِمَاتٍ: وَأْتُوهُنَّ وَغِشْيَانُهُنَّ لَكُمْ حَلَالٌ، وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا يَرْتَفِعُ تَحْرِيمُ شَيْءٍ مِمَّا مَنَعَهُ الْحَيْضُ بِانْقِطَاعِ الدَّمِ مَا لَمْ تَغْتَسِلْ أَوْ تَتَيَمَّمْ عِنْدَ عَدَمِ الْمَاءِ إِلَّا تَحْرِيمُ الصَّوْمِ، فَإِنَّ الْحَائِضَ إِذَا انْقَطَعَ دَمُهَا بِاللَّيْلِ وَنَوَتِ الصَّوْمَ فَوَقْعَ غُسْلُهَا بِالنَّهَارِ صَحَّ صَوْمُهَا، وَالطَّلَاقُ فِي حَالِ الْحَيْضِ يَكُونُ بِدْعِيًّا، وَإِذَا طَلَّقَهَا بَعْدَ انْقِطَاعِ الدَّمِ قَبْلَ الْغُسْلِ لَا يَكُونُ بِدْعِيًّا، وَذَهَبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ ﵁ إِلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا انْقَطَعَ دَمُهَا لِأَكْثَرِ الْحَيْضِ وَهِيَ عِدَّةُ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ يَجُوزُ لِلزَّوْجِ غِشْيَانُهَا قَبْلَ الْغُسْلِ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وطاووس: إِذَا غَسَلَتْ فَرْجَهَا جَازَ لِلزَّوْجِ غِشْيَانُهَا قَبْلَ الْغُسْلِ. وَأَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى التَّحْرِيمِ مَا لَمْ تَغْتَسِلْ أَوْ تَتَيَمَّمْ عِنْدَ عَدَمِ الْمَاءِ، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى عَلَّقَ جَوَازَ وطئها بشرطين: ٣٦/أبِانْقِطَاعِ الدَّمِ وَالْغُسْلِ، فَقَالَ ﴿حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ﴾ يَعْنِي مِنَ الْحَيْضِ ﴿فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ﴾ يَعْنِي اغْتَسَلْنَ ﴿فَأْتُوهُنَّ﴾ وَمَنْ قَرَأَ يَطَّهَّرْنَ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ فَالْمُرَادُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ: الْغُسْلُ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى "وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ جُنُبًا فَاطَّهَّرُوا" (٦-الْمَائِدَةِ) أَيْ فَاغْتَسِلُوا فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ قَبْلَ الْغُسْلِ لَا يَحِلُّ الْوَطْءُ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ: يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ، وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ بِالْمَاءِ مِنَ الْأَحْدَاثِ وَالنَّجَاسَاتِ، وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ وَالْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ، وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: التَّوَّابِينَ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ وَالْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ التَّوَّابِينَ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ لَا يَعُودُونَ فِيهَا وَالْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ مِنْهَا لَمْ يُصِيبُوهَا، وَالتَّوَّابُ: الَّذِي كُلَّمَا أَذْنَبَ تَابَ، نَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا" (٢٥-الْإِسْرَاءِ) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَامِدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أَنَا ابْنُ الْمُنَادِي أَنَا يُونُسُ أَنَا يَعْقُوبُ الْقُمِّيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ قَالَ: جَاءَ عُمَرُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكْتُ، قَالَ وَمَا الَّذِي أَهْلَكَكَ؟ قَالَ: حَوَّلْتُ رَحْلِي الْبَارِحَةَ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا، وَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ يَقُولُ أَدْبِرْ وَأَقْبِلْ وَاتَّقِ الدُّبُرَ وَالْحَيْضَةَ (١) .

(١) أخرجه الترمذي: في التفسير، وقال: هذا حديث حسن غريب ٨ / ٣٢٤ والإمام أحمد عن ابن عباس ١ / ٢٩٧ وعزاه المباركفوري لأبي داود وابن ماجه، انظر تحفة الأحوذي ٨ / ٣٢٤ وابن كثير ١ / ٤٦٣. وعزاه السيوطي أيضا لعبد بن حميد والنسائي وأبي يعلى وابن جرير وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم وابن حبان والطبراني والبيهقي والضياء. انظر: الدر المنثور: ١ / ٦٢٩.