Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/230)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abu Sa‘id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; ‘Aqil ibn Muhammad al-Jurjani informed us; Abu al-Faraj al-Mu‘afa ibn Zakariyya al-Baghdadi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari narrated to me; ‘Isam ibn Rawwad ibn al-Jarrah narrated to us; my father narrated to us; Abu Sufyan ibn Sa‘id informed us; Mansur ibn al-Mu‘tamir narrated to us from Rib‘i ibn Hirash, who said: I heard Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman 120/b say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The first of the signs are the Smoke, the descent of Jesus son of Mary, and a fire which will emerge from the depths of Aden-Abyan, driving people to the place of gathering. It will halt with them whenever they halt.”

Hudhayfah said, “O Messenger of Allah, what is the Smoke?” He recited this verse: “The Day when the sky will bring a visible smoke,” which will fill all that lies between east and west and remain for forty days and nights. As for the believer, it will affect him like a cold; but as for the disbeliever, he will be like one intoxicated, with it issuing from his nostrils, ears, and rear.” (1)

“How can there be for them a reminder when a clear Messenger has already come to them (13), yet they turned away from him and said, ‘A man taught by others, a madman!’ (14) Indeed, We shall remove the punishment for a little while, but you will surely return (15). On the Day We strike with the greatest blow, We shall indeed take vengeance (16). Before them, We tested the people of Pharaoh, and a noble messenger came to them (17), saying, ‘Deliver to me the servants of Allah. Indeed, I am for you a trustworthy messenger’ (18).”

“How can there be for them a reminder?” That is, from where could they receive admonition and take heed? In other words, how could they remember and be admonished when a clear Messenger, manifestly truthful—meaning Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him—had already come to them?

“Yet they turned away from him”: they turned away from him. “A man taught by others”: that is, they claimed that a human being taught him. “A madman.”

Allah Most High says: “Indeed, We shall remove the punishment”—that is, the punishment of hunger—“for a little while,” meaning for a short period. Muqatil said: until the day of Badr. “But you will surely return”: to your disbelief.

“On the Day We strike with the greatest blow”: this is the day of Badr. “We shall indeed take vengeance.” This was the view of Ibn Mas‘ud and most scholars. Al-Hasan said: it is the Day of Resurrection; and ‘Ikrimah narrated this from Ibn ‘Abbas.

“Before them, We tested”: We tried. “Before them”: before these people. “The people of Pharaoh, and a noble messenger came to them”: noble before Allah, and he was Moses son of ‘Imran.

“Deliver to me the servants of Allah”: meaning the Children of Israel; release them and do not torment them. “Indeed, I am for you a trustworthy messenger”: trustworthy regarding the revelation.

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 25:114, with the word al-Dajjal (the Antichrist) in place of al-Dukhan (the Smoke); Ibn Kathir likewise reports it thus. Al-Tabari then said: “I could not attest to its authenticity, because Muhammad ibn Khalaf al-Asqalani informed me that he asked Rawwad about this hadith: ‘Did you hear it from Sufyan?’ He replied, ‘No.’ I asked, ‘Then did you read it to him?’ He replied, ‘No.’ I asked, ‘Was it read to him while you were present, and did he acknowledge it?’ He replied, ‘No.’ I asked, ‘Then where did you obtain it?’ He said, ‘Some people brought it to me, presented it to me, and said, “Hear it from us.” They read it to me, then left, and later narrated it from me’”—or words to that effect.

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشَّرِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَقِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْفَرَجِ الْمُعَافَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عِصَامُ بْنُ رَوَّادِ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ الْمُعْتَمِرِ عَنْ ربعي بن خراش قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حُذَيْفَةَ بن اليمان ١٢٠/ب يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَوَّلُ الْآيَاتِ الدُّخَانُ، وَنُزُولُ عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ، وَنَارٌ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ قَعْرِ عَدَنِ أَبْيَنَ، تَسُوقُ النَّاسَ إِلَى الْمَحْشَرِ تَقِيلُ مَعَهُمْ إِذَا قَالُوا"، قَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا الدُّخَانُ؟ فَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: "يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُبِينٍ"، يَمْلَأُ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ يَمْكُثُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً، أَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنُ فَيُصِيبُهُ مِنْهُ كَهَيْئَةِ الزُّكَامِ، وَأَمَّا الْكَافِرُ فَكَمَنْزِلَةِ السَّكْرَانِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ مَنْخَرَيْهِ وَأُذُنَيْهِ وَدُبُرِهِ (١) . ﴿أَنَّى لَهُمُ الذِّكْرَى وَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مُبِينٌ (١٣) ثُمَّ تَوَلَّوْا عَنْهُ وَقَالُوا مُعَلَّمٌ مَجْنُونٌ (١٤) إِنَّا كَاشِفُوا الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلًا إِنَّكُمْ عَائِدُونَ (١٥) يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَى إِنَّا مُنْتَقِمُونَ (١٦) وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَجَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ كَرِيمٌ (١٧) أَنْ أَدُّوا إِلَيَّ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ (١٨) ﴾ ﴿أَنَّى لَهُمُ الذِّكْرَى﴾ مِنْ أَيْنَ لَهُمُ التَّذَكُّرُ وَالِاتِّعَاظُ؟ يَقُولُ: كَيْفَ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ وَيَتَّعِظُونَ؟ ﴿وَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مُبِينٌ﴾ ظَاهِرُ الصِّدْقِ يَعْنِي مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ. ﴿ثُمَّ تَوَلَّوْا عَنْهُ﴾ أَعْرَضُوا عَنْهُ، ﴿وَقَالُوا مُعَلَّمٌ﴾ أَيْ يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ، ﴿مَجْنُونٌ﴾ . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّا كَاشِفُوا الْعَذَابِ﴾ أَيْ عَذَابِ الْجُوعِ، ﴿قَلِيلًا﴾ أَيْ زَمَانًا يَسِيرًا، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: إِلَى يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ. ﴿إِنَّكُمْ عَائِدُونَ﴾ إِلَى كُفْرِكُمْ. ﴿يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَى﴾ وَهُوَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ، ﴿إِنَّا مُنْتَقِمُونَ﴾ وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَأَكْثَرِ الْعُلَمَاءِ، وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَرَوَى عِكْرِمَةُ ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. ﴿وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا﴾ بَلَوْنَا، ﴿قَبْلَهُمْ﴾ قَبْلَ هَؤُلَاءِ، ﴿قَوْمَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَجَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ كَرِيمٌ﴾ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ. ﴿أَنْ أَدُّوا إِلَيَّ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَطْلِقْهُمْ وَلَا تُعَذِّبْهُمْ، ﴿إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ﴾ عَلَى الْوَحْيِ.

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٥ / ١١٤ بذكر كلمة (الدجال) بدل الدخان وكذلك عند ابن كثير ثم قال الطبري: " ولم أشهد له بالصحة، لأن محمد بن خلف العسقلاني حدثني أنه سأل روادًا عن هذا الحديث، هل سمعه من سفيان؟ فقال له: لا، فقلت له: فقرأته عليه؟ ، فقال: لا، فقلت له: فقرىء عليه وأنت حاضر فأقر به؟ فقال: لا، فقلت: فمن أين جئت به؟ قال: جاءني به قوم فعرضوه علىَّ وقالوا لي: اسمعه منا فقرؤوه علي، ثم ذهبوا، فحدثوا به عني، أو كما قال".