Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/227)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Dukhan (The Smoke) is a Makkan surah. (1)

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

“Ha-Mim. (1) By the clear Book. (2) Indeed, We sent it down on a blessed night, for We have ever been warning. (3) On that night every matter of wisdom is ordained. (4)”

“Ha-Mim. By the clear Book. Indeed, We sent it down on a blessed night.” Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said: “It is the Night of Decree. Allah sent down the Quran on the Night of Decree from the Mother Book to the lowest heaven; then Gabriel brought it down to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in portions over twenty years.” (2) Others said: “It is the night of mid-Sha‘ban.” (3)

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur al-Sam‘ani informed us; Abu Ja‘far al-Rayani narrated to us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh narrated to us; al-Asbagh ibn al-Faraj narrated to us; Ibn Wahb informed me; ‘Amr ibn al-Harith informed me that ‘Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Abd al-Malik related to him that Ibn Abi Dhi’b—whose name was Mus‘ab—related to him from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, from his father or his paternal uncle, from his grandfather, from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “On the night of mid-Sha‘ban, Allah, exalted is His praise, descends to the lowest heaven and forgives every soul, except a person whose heart harbours rancour or one who associates partners with Allah.” (4) “Indeed, We have ever been warning.”

“On that night,” that is, on the blessed night, “every matter of wisdom is ordained,” that is, distinguished; “every matter of wisdom,” meaning, every matter that is made firm and precise. Ibn ‘Abbas said: “On the Night of Decree, He records from the Mother Book what will occur during that year of good and evil, provisions, and life spans—”

(1) Al-Suyuti attributed it in Al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:397, to Ibn Mardawayh, from Ibn Abbas and Ibn al-Zubayr, who said: “Surah Ha Mim al-Dukhan was revealed in Mecca.” (2) Reported by al-Tabari, 25:107. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in Al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:399, to Abd al-Razzaq and Abd ibn Humayd. (3) Reported by al-Tabari, 25:109, who then judged the stronger view, saying: “The sounder of the two opinions is that it was the Night of Decree, based on our previous explanation that the meaning of His saying, ‘Indeed, We sent it down on a blessed night,’ is the Night of Decree. The pronoun in ‘therein’ refers to the blessed night. His saying, ‘Therein every matter decreed with wisdom is distinguished,’ means that on this blessed night every matter that Allah, Exalted is He, has decreed for that year until the corresponding time in the following year is decided and apportioned.” (4) Cited by al-Haythami in Majma al-Zawaid, 8:65, and by Ibn Abi Asim in Al-Sunnah, 1:222; both narrate it from Abu Bakr. Al-Bukhari said concerning Abd al-Malik ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi Dhib, narrating from al-Qasim: “There is concern regarding him.” Abu Hatim said: “Abd al-Malik ibn Musab ibn Abi Dhib narrates from al-Qasim, from his father; he is objectionable in hadith.” (Quoted from Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:127.) It was also reported by Ibn Hibban in Al-Mawarid, no. 468; by Abu Nuaym in Al-Hilyah, 5:191; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:127.

سُورَةُ الدُّخَانِ مَكِّيَّةٌ (١) ﷽ ﴿حم (١) وَالْكِتَابِ الْمُبِينِ (٢) إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ إِنَّا كُنَّا مُنْذِرِينَ (٣) فِيهَا يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ (٤) ﴾ . ﴿حم وَالْكِتَابِ الْمُبِينِ إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ: هِيَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الْقُرْآنَ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ مِنْ أُمِّ الْكِتَابِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نُجُومًا فِي عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً (٢) . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: هِيَ لَيْلَةُ النِّصْفِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ السَّمْعَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّيَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَصْبَغُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ وَاسْمُهُ مُصْعَبٌ حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَوْ عَمِّهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "يَنْزِلُ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ لَيْلَةَ النِّصْفِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا فَيَغْفِرُ لِكُلِّ نَفْسٍ إِلَّا إِنْسَانًا فِي قَلْبِهِ شَحْنَاءُ أَوْ مُشْرِكًا بِاللَّهِ" (٤) ﴿إِنَّا كُنَّا مُنْذِرِينَ﴾ . ﴿فِيهَا﴾ أَيْ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الْمُبَارَكَةِ، ﴿يُفْرَقُ﴾ يُفْصَلُ، ﴿كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ﴾ مُحْكَمٍ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَكْتُبُ مِنْ أُمِّ الْكِتَابِ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ فِي السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ وَالْأَرْزَاقِ وَالْآجَالِ

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٩٧ لابن مردويه عن ابن عباس وابن الزبير قالا: "نزلت بمكة سورة (حم) الدخان". (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٥ / ١٠٧، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٩٩ أيضا لعبد الرزاق وعبد بن حميد. (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٥ / ١٠٩ ثم رجح قائلا: "وأولى القولين في ذلك بالصواب قول من قال: ذلك ليلة القدر لما تقدم من بياننا عن أن المعنى بقوله: (إنا أنزلناه في ليلة مباركة) ليلة القدر، والهاء في قوله (فيها) من ذكر الليلة المباركة. وعنى بقوله: (فيها يفرق كل أمر حكيم) في هذه الليلة المباركة يقضي ويفصل كل أمر أحكمه الله تعالى في تلك السنة إلى مثلها من السنة الأخرى". (٤) ذكره الهيثمي في المجمع: ٨ / ٦٥، وابن أبي عاصم في السنة: ١ / ٢٢٢ كلاهما عن أبي بكر، وقال البخاري: عبد الملك بن عبد الملك بن أبي ذئب عن القاسم: فيه نظر، قال أبو حاتم: عبد الملك بن مصعب بن أبي ذئب يروي عن القاسم عن أبيه: منكر الحديث (عن شرح السنة: ٤ / ١٢٧) وأخرجه ابن حبان في الموارد برقم: (٤٦٨) ، وأبو نعيم في الحلية: ٥ / ١٩١ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ١٢٧.