Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/221)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Close friends will be enemies to one another on that Day, except for the righteous who feared Allah. (67) ‘O My servants, there will be no fear concerning you this Day, nor will you grieve—(68) those who believed in Our signs and were Muslims. (69) Enter Paradise, you and your spouses, delighted. (70) There will be circulated among them plates and vessels of gold; therein will be whatever souls desire and eyes delight in, and you will abide therein forever. (71)’

“Close friends” in this world who were united in sin—“on that Day,” meaning the Day of Resurrection, “will be enemies to one another, except for the righteous”: that is, those who loved one another for the sake of Allah, exalted is He, in obedience to Allah, exalted is He.

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha‘labi informed us; Aqil ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad informed me that Abu al-Faraj al-Baghdadi, the judge, informed them from Muhammad ibn Jarir. Ibn Abd al-A‘la related to us from Qatadah; Abu Thawr related to us from Ma‘mar, from Qatadah, from Abu Ishaq, that Ali said concerning this verse: “There are two believing intimate friends and two disbelieving intimate friends. When one of the two believers dies, he says: ‘My Lord, so-and-so used to command me to obey You and obey Your Messenger; he commanded me to do good and forbade me from evil, and he told me that I would meet You. My Lord, do not let him stray after me; guide him as You guided me, and honor him as You honored me.’ Then, when his believing friend dies, Allah brings them together and says: ‘Let each of you praise his companion.’ He says: ‘What an excellent brother, what an excellent intimate friend, and what an excellent companion!’

“And when one of the two disbelievers dies, he says: ‘My Lord, so-and-so used to forbid me from obeying You and obeying Your Messenger; he commanded me to do evil and forbade me from good, and he told me that I would not meet You.’ So he says: ‘What an evil brother, ⦗119/b⦘ what an evil intimate friend, and what an evil companion!’” (1)

“O My servants”: that is, it will be said to them, “O My servants, there will be no fear concerning you this Day, nor will you grieve.” It is related from al-Mu‘tamir ibn Sulayman, from his father, that he said: “I heard that when people are resurrected, there will be none among them except that he is terrified. Then a caller will proclaim: ‘O My servants, there will be no fear concerning you this Day, nor will you grieve.’ All the people will hope that it applies to them, whereupon it will be followed by (2): ‘Those who believed in Our signs and were Muslims.’ Then all the people other than the Muslims will despair of it. They will then be told: ‘Enter Paradise, you and your spouses, delighted’—that is, rejoicing and blessed with delight.

“There will be circulated among them plates”: the plural of a broad serving bowl; “of gold, and vessels”: the plural of a round vessel with a rounded rim and no handles. “Therein,” meaning in Paradise, “will be whatever souls desire.” The reciters of Medina and Syria, along with Hafs, recited it with the final pronoun suffix, and it is likewise found in their manuscripts; the others recited it without that suffix. “And eyes delight in, and you will abide therein forever.”

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 25:94; and by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:199-200. Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:389, to Abd ibn Humayd, Humayd ibn Zanjuyah, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Marduyah, and al-Bayhaqi in Shuab al-Iman. (2) Reported by al-Tabari, 25:95. See also al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:389-390.

﴿الْأَخِلَّاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقِينَ (٦٧) يَا عِبَادِ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ وَلَا أَنْتُمْ تَحْزَنُونَ (٦٨) الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَكَانُوا مُسْلِمِينَ (٦٩) ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ أَنْتُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُكُمْ تُحْبَرُونَ (٧٠) يُطَافُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِصِحَافٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَأَكْوَابٍ وَفِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِيهِ الْأَنْفُسُ وَتَلَذُّ الْأَعْيُنُ وَأَنْتُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (٧١) ﴾ ﴿الْأَخِلَّاءُ﴾ عَلَى الْمَعْصِيَةِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، ﴿يَوْمَئِذٍ﴾ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، ﴿بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقِينَ﴾ إِلَّا الْمُتَحَابِّينَ فِي اللَّهِ ﷿ عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ ﷿. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشَّرِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَقِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْفَرَجِ الْبَغْدَادِيَّ الْقَاضِيَ أَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ثَوْرٍ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: خَلِيلَانِ مُؤْمِنَانِ وَخَلِيلَانِ كَافِرَانِ، فَمَاتَ أَحَدُ الْمُؤْمِنَيْنِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ فُلَانًا كَانَ يَأْمُرُنِي بِطَاعَتِكَ وَطَاعَةِ رَسُولِكَ، وَيَأْمُرُنِي بِالْخَيْرِ وَيَنْهَانِي عَنِ الشَّرِّ، وَيُخْبِرُنِي أَنِّي مُلَاقِيكَ، يَا رَبِّ فَلَا تُضِلَّهُ بَعْدِي وَاهْدِهِ كَمَا هَدَيْتَنِي وَأَكْرِمْهُ كَمَا أَكْرَمْتَنِي، فَإِذَا مَاتَ خَلِيلُهُ الْمُؤْمِنُ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَيَقُولُ: لِيُثْنِ أَحَدُكُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ، فَيَقُولُ: نِعْمَ الْأَخُ، وَنِعْمَ الْخَلِيلُ، وَنِعْمَ الصَّاحِبُ، قَالَ: وَيَمُوتُ أَحَدُ الْكَافِرَيْنِ، فَيَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ فُلَانًا كَانَ يَنْهَانِي عَنْ طَاعَتِكَ وَطَاعَةِ رَسُولِكَ، وَيَأْمُرُنِي بِالشَّرِّ وَيَنْهَانِي عَنِ الْخَيْرِ، وَيُخْبِرُنِي أَنِّي غَيْرُ مُلَاقِيكَ، فَيَقُولُ بئس الأخ، ١١٩/ب وبئس الْخَلِيلُ، وَبِئْسَ الصَّاحِبُ (١) . ﴿يَا عِبَادِ﴾ أَيْ فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ: يَا عِبَادِي، ﴿لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ وَلَا أَنْتُمْ تَحْزَنُونَ﴾ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ حِينَ يُبْعَثُونَ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا فَزِعَ، فَيُنَادِي مُنَادٍ: "يَا عِبَادِ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ وَلَا أَنْتُمْ تَحْزَنُونَ" فَيَرْجُوهَا النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ فَيُتْبِعُهَا: (٢) ﴿الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَكَانُوا مُسْلِمِينَ﴾ فَيَيْأَسُ النَّاسُ مِنْهَا غَيْرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَيُقَالُ لَهُمُ: ﴿ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ أَنْتُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُكُمْ تُحْبَرُونَ﴾ تُسَرُّونَ وَتُنَعَّمُونَ. ﴿يُطَافُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِصِحَافٍ﴾ جَمْعُ صَحْفَةٍ وَهِيَ الْقَصْعَةُ الْوَاسِعَةُ، ﴿مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَأَكْوَابٍ﴾ جَمْعُ كُوبٍ وَهُوَ إِنَاءٌ مُسْتَدِيرٌ مُدَوَّرُ الرَّأْسِ لَا عُرَى لَهَا، ﴿وَفِيهَا﴾ أَيْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، ﴿مَا تَشْتَهِيهِ الْأَنْفُسُ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالشَّامِ وَحَفْصٌ: ﴿تَشْتَهِيهِ﴾ ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي مَصَاحِفِهِمْ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِحَذْفِ الْهَاءِ. ﴿وَتَلَذُّ الْأَعْيُنُ وَأَنْتُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ﴾ .

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٥ / ٩٤، وعبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ١٩٩-٢٠٠، وزاد السيوطي في الدر: ٧ / ٣٨٩ نسبته لعبد بن حميد، وحميد بن زنجوبه، وابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه، والبيهقي في شعب الإيمان. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٥ / ٩٥، وانظر: السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٨٩-٣٩٠.