Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/215)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

there was a severe punishment in his community. Allah honored His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, by taking him away and showing him among his community only that which would delight his eye; He left the punishment until after him. It is related that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was shown what would befall his community after him, and thereafter he was never seen laughing freely until Allah took him. (1)

“Or if We show you what We have promised them, then surely We are fully able to deal with them. So hold firmly to what has been revealed to you; indeed, you are upon a straight path. And indeed, it is an honor for you and your people, and you will be questioned. And ask those of Our messengers whom We sent before you: Did We ever appoint gods besides the Most Merciful to be worshipped?” (42–45)

“So hold firmly to what has been revealed to you; indeed, you are upon a straight path.”

“And indeed, it”—that is, the Quran—“is an honor for you,” meaning a source of honor for you, “and for your people,” namely Quraysh. Its parallel is: “We have certainly sent down to you a Book containing your honor” (Surah al-Anbiya 10), meaning, your honor. “And you will be questioned” concerning its due and the fulfillment of gratitude for it. Al-Dahhak related from Ibn Abbas that, whenever the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was asked, “To whom will this authority belong after you?” he would give no answer until this verse was revealed. Thereafter, whenever he was asked, “To whom does this belong?” he would say, “To Quraysh.” (2)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Shurayh informed us; Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi informed us; Ali ibn al-Ja‘d related to us; Asim ibn Muhammad ibn Zayd informed us, from his father, from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “This authority will remain with Quraysh so long as two remain.” (3)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Na‘imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il related to us; Abu al-Yaman related to us; Shu‘ayb informed us from al-Zuhri, who said: Muhammad ibn Jubayr ibn Mut‘im used to narrate from Mu‘awiyah, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: “This authority belongs to Quraysh. No one opposes them without Allah casting him face-down, so long as they uphold the religion.” (4)

Mujahid said: The people are the Arabs. Thus, the Quran is an honor for them because it was revealed in their language. Then this honor is more particularly assigned to those successively closer among the Arabs, until the greatest share belongs to Quraysh and Banu Hashim.

It was also said: “Its mention” means an honor for you through the wisdom He has given you, and “for your people”—the believers—through what ⦗118/b⦘

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 25:75; al-Hakim, 2:447; and Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:197. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:379, to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn al-Mundhir. (2) See al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:380. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari, Book of Virtues, chapter “The Virtues of Quraysh,” 6:533; Muslim, Book of Leadership, chapter “The People Follow Quraysh, and the Caliphate Belongs to Quraysh,” no. 1820, 3:1452; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:60. (4) Part of a hadith reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Virtues, chapter “The Virtues of Quraysh,” 6:533.

صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نِقْمَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ فِي أُمَّتِهِ، فَأَكْرَمَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ وَذَهَبَ بِهِ وَلَمْ يُرِهْ فِي أُمَّتِهِ إلا الذي ١١٨/ب يَقَرُّ عَيْنَهُ، وَأَبْقَى النِّقْمَةَ بَعْدَهُ. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أُرِيَ مَا يُصِيبُ أُمَّتَهُ بَعْدَهُ فَمَا رُئِيَ ضَاحِكًا مُنْبَسِطًا حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ. (١) ﴿أَوْ نُرِيَنَّكَ الَّذِي وَعَدْنَاهُمْ فَإِنَّا عَلَيْهِمْ مُقْتَدِرُونَ (٤٢) فَاسْتَمْسِكْ بِالَّذِي أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ إِنَّكَ عَلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (٤٣) وَإِنَّهُ لَذِكْرٌ لَكَ وَلِقَوْمِكَ وَسَوْفَ تُسْأَلُونَ (٤٤) وَاسْأَلْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنَا أَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ دُونِ الرَّحْمَنِ آلِهَةً يُعْبَدُونَ (٤٥) ﴾ ﴿فَاسْتَمْسِكْ بِالَّذِي أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ إِنَّكَ عَلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ﴾ . ﴿وَإِنَّهُ﴾ يَعْنِي الْقُرْآنَ، ﴿لَذِكْرٌ لَكَ﴾ لَشَرَفٌ لَكَ، ﴿وَلِقَوْمِكَ﴾ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، نَظِيرُهُ: "لَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ كِتَابًا فِيهِ ذِكْرُكُمْ" (الْأَنْبِيَاءِ-١٠) ، أَيْ شَرَفِكُمْ، ﴿وَسَوْفَ تُسْأَلُونَ﴾ عَنْ حَقِّهِ وَأَدَاءِ شُكْرِهِ، رَوَى الضَّحَّاكُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا سُئِلَ لِمَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ بَعْدَكَ؟ لَمْ يُخْبِرْ بِشَيْءٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، فَكَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا سُئِلَ لِمَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: لِقُرَيْشٍ. (٢) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا يَزَالُ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ فِي قُرَيْشٍ مَا بَقِيَ اثْنَانِ". (٣) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعَمٍ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ فِي قُرَيْشٍ لَا يُعَادِيهِمْ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا كَبَّهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ مَا أَقَامُوا الدِّينَ". (٤) وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: الْقَوْمُ هُمُ الْعَرَبُ، فَالْقُرْآنُ لَهُمْ شَرَفٌ إِذْ نَزَلَ بِلُغَتِهِمْ، ثُمَّ يَخْتَصُّ بِذَلِكَ الشَّرَفِ الْأَخَصَّ فَالْأَخَصَّ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ [الْأَكْثَرُ لِقُرَيْشٍ وَلِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ. وَقِيلَ: "ذِكْرُ ذَلِكَ": شَرَفٌ لَكَ بِمَا أَعْطَاكَ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ، "وَلِقَوْمِكَ" الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٥ / ٧٥، والحاكم: ٢ / ٤٤٧، وعبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ١٩٧، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٧٩ أيضا لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر. (٢) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٨٠. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في المناقب، باب: مناقب قريش: ٦ / ٥٣٣، ومسلم في الإمارة، باب: الناس تبع لقريش والخلافة في قريش برقم: (١٨٢٠) : ٣ / ١٤٥٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٦٠. (٤) قطعة من حديث أخرجه البخاري في المناقب باب مناقب قريش: ٦ / ٥٣٣.