Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/214)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

of the pronoun, because His saying, “Whoever turns away from the remembrance of the Most Merciful, We assign to him a devil,” is plural in meaning, even though the wording is singular. “And they think that they are rightly guided”: the disbelievers among the children of Adam think that they are upon guidance.

“Until, when he comes to Us, he says, ‘Would that there were between me and you the distance between east and west! What an evil companion!’ And it will not benefit you today, since you have done wrong, that you share in the punishment. Can you, then, make the deaf hear, or guide the blind and those who are in manifest error? So if We take you away, We shall surely take retribution from them.” (38–41)

“Until, when he comes to Us”: the reciters of Iraq, apart from Abu Bakr, recited “when he comes to Us” in the singular, referring to the disbeliever. The others recited it in the dual, “when the two come to Us,” referring to the disbeliever and his close companion; they are placed in a single chain. The disbeliever will say to his devilish companion: “Would that there were between me and you the distance between east and west!” That is, the distance between the east and the west. The name of one of the two is made predominant over the other, just as the sun and moon are called “the two moons,” and Abu Bakr and Umar are called “the two Umars.” It was also said that the two easts mean the place where the sun rises in summer and the place where it rises in winter, but the first interpretation is sounder. “What an evil companion!” Abu Said al-Khudri said: When the disbeliever is resurrected, he will be paired with his companion from among the devils, who will not leave him until he enters the Fire. (1)

“And it will not benefit you today”—in the Hereafter—“since you have done wrong,” that is, committed shirk in the life of this world, “that you share in the punishment.” That is, sharing in the punishment will not benefit you, nor will it lessen any part of the punishment for you, for every one of the disbelievers and devils will have an ample share of the punishment. Muqatil said: Your excuses and remorse will not benefit you today. Rather, you and your companions will share in the punishment today, just as you shared in the life of this world [in disbelief]. (2)

“Can you, then, make the deaf hear, or guide the blind and those who are in manifest error?” That is, the disbelievers against whom the decree of punishment has become binding will not believe.

“So if We take you away”: if We cause you to die before We punish them, “We shall surely take retribution from them,” by killing them after you.

“Or if We show you,” during your lifetime, “what We have promised them” of punishment, “then We are fully able to deal with them”: We have the power to punish them whenever We will. This refers to the idolaters of Mecca, from whom He took retribution on the Day of Badr. This is the view of most exegetes. Al-Hasan and Qatadah said: It refers to the Muslims of Muhammad’s community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and after the Prophet

(1) Narrated by al-Tabari, 25:74, and Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:196, both through Sa'id al-Jurayri. Contrary to what appears in both manuscripts, which attribute the statement to Abu Sa'id al-Khudri. Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it to Ibn al-Mundhir in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:378. (2) Added from Manuscript B.

الْكِنَايَةَ لِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: "وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا" فِي مَذْهَبٍ جَمْعٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ اللَّفْظُ عَلَى الْوَاحِدِ، ﴿وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ﴾ وَيَحْسَبُ كُفَّارُ بَنِي آدَمَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى الْهُدَى. ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَنَا قَالَ يَا لَيْتَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ فَبِئْسَ الْقَرِينُ (٣٨) وَلَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ إِذْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ فِي الْعَذَابِ مُشْتَرِكُونَ (٣٩) أَفَأَنْتَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ أَوْ تَهْدِي الْعُمْيَ وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ (٤٠) فَإِمَّا نَذْهَبَنَّ بِكَ فَإِنَّا مِنْهُمْ مُنْتَقِمُونَ (٤١) ﴾ ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَنَا﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ غَيْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: "جَاءَنَا" عَلَى الْوَاحِدِ يَعْنُونَ الْكَافِرَ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ: جَاءَانَا، عَلَى التَّثْنِيَةِ يَعْنُونَ الْكَافِرَ وَقَرِينَهُ، جُعِلَا فِي سِلْسِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ. ﴿قَالَ﴾ الْكَافِرُ لِقَرِينِهِ الشَّيْطَانِ: ﴿يَا لَيْتَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ﴾ أَيْ بُعْدَ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ فَغَلَبَ اسْمُ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَى الْآخَرِ كَمَا يُقَالُ لِلشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ: الْقَمَرَانِ، وَلِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ: الْعُمَرَانِ. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِالْمَشْرِقَيْنِ مَشْرِقَ الصَّيْفِ وَمَشْرِقَ الشِّتَاءِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ، ﴿فَبِئْسَ الْقَرِينُ﴾ قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ: إِذَا بُعِثَ الْكَافِرُ زُوِّجَ بِقَرِينِهِ مِنَ الشَّيَاطِينِ فَلَا يُفَارِقُهُ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ إِلَى النَّارِ. (١) ﴿وَلَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ﴾ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، ﴿إِذْ ظَلَمْتُمْ﴾ أَشْرَكْتُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا، ﴿أَنَّكُمْ فِي الْعَذَابِ مُشْتَرِكُونَ﴾ يَعْنِي لَا يَنْفَعُكُمُ الِاشْتِرَاكُ فِي الْعَذَابِ وَلَا يُخَفِّفُ الِاشْتِرَاكُ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْعَذَابِ، لِأَنَّ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ وَالشَّيَاطِينِ الْحَظَّ الْأَوْفَرَ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: لَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الِاعْتِذَارُ وَالنَّدَمُ الْيَوْمَ فَأَنْتُمْ وَقُرَنَاؤُكُمُ الْيَوْمَ مُشْتَرِكُونَ فِي الْعَذَابِ كَمَا كُنْتُمْ مُشْتَرِكِينَ فِي الدُّنْيَا [فِي الْكُفْرِ] . (٢) ﴿أَفَأَنْتَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ أَوْ تَهْدِي الْعُمْيَ وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ يَعْنِي الْكَافِرِينَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَلِمَةُ الْعَذَابِ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ. ﴿فَإِمَّا نَذْهَبَنَّ بِكَ﴾ بِأَنْ نُمِيتَكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ نُعَذِّبَهُمْ، ﴿فَإِنَّا مِنْهُمْ مُنْتَقِمُونَ﴾ بِالْقَتْلِ بَعْدَكَ. ﴿أَوْ نُرِيَنَّكَ﴾ فِي حَيَاتِكَ، ﴿الَّذِي وَعَدْنَاهُمْ﴾ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ، ﴿فَإِنَّا عَلَيْهِمْ مُقْتَدِرُونَ﴾ قَادِرُونَ، مَتَى شِئْنَا عَذَّبْنَاهُمْ، وَأَرَادَ بِهِ مُشْرِكِي مَكَّةَ انْتَقَمَ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، هَذَا قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ، وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَقَتَادَةُ: عَنَى بِهِ أَهْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَقَدْ كَانَ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٥ / ٧٤، وعبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ١٩٦ كلاهما عن سعيد الجريري، خلافا لما في المخطوطتين إذ نسبتا القول لأبي سعيد الخدري. وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٧٨ عزوه لابن المنذر. (٢) زيادة من "ب".