Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/213)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

al-Taysafuni informed us: Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Turabi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Bastam informed us; Ahmad ibn Sayyar al-Qurashi informed us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Yunus, Abu Muslim, related to us; Abu Bakr ibn Manzur related to us, from Abu Hazim, from Sahl ibn Sad, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “If this world weighed as much with Allah as the wing of a mosquito, He would not give a disbeliever from it even a drop of water.” (1)

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Tawbah informed us: Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Harith informed us; Muhammad ibn Yaqub al-Kisa’i informed us; Abd Allah informed us; Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Abd Allah al-Khallal informed us; Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak informed us, from Mujalid (2) ibn Said, from Qays ibn Abi Hazim, from al-Mustawrid ibn Shaddad, of the Banu Fihr, who said: I was among the riders who stopped with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, beside a dead young goat. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Do you see how insignificant this is to its owners when they threw it away?” They said, “They threw it away because of how insignificant it was.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “This world is more insignificant to Allah than this is to its owners.” (3)

“And whoever turns away from the remembrance of the Most Merciful, We assign to him a devil, and it becomes his close companion. Indeed, they turn them away from the path, while they think that they are rightly guided.” (43:36–37)

His saying, exalted is He: “And whoever turns away from the remembrance of the Most Merciful” means: whoever turns away from the remembrance of the Most Merciful, neither fearing His punishment nor hoping for His reward. One says, “I turn toward a fire,” when one heads for it, guided by its light; and “I turn away from it,” when one turns away from it. It is like saying, “I incline toward so-and-so,” and, “I turn away from him,” or, “I lean toward him,” and, “I lean away from him.”

Al-Qurazi (4) said: He turns his back on the remembrance of the Most Merciful, namely the Quran. Abu Ubaydah and al-Akhfash said: His sight grows dim by turning his gaze away from it. Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad said: The root of ashw is to look with weak sight. Ibn Abbas recited, “and whoever becomes blind,” with the shin vowelled with fathah—that is, whoever becomes blind. One says, asha ya‘sha, when one becomes blind; such a man is called a‘sha, and a woman ashwa’.

“We assign to him a devil”: Yaqub recited it as yuqayyid, with the letter ya’, while the remaining reciters read it with the letter nun: We cause a devil to accompany him, join it to him, and give it power over him.

“And it becomes his close companion”: it does not leave him; it makes blindness seem attractive to him and makes him imagine that he is upon guidance.

“Indeed, they”—meaning the devils—“turn them away from the path”: that is, they prevent them from guidance; and He used the plural form

(1) Al-Tirmidhi narrated it in Kitab al-Zuhd, chapter “What Has Been Related Concerning the Insignificance of the World to Allah,” 6:611, and said: “This hadith is sahih gharib (sound, yet solitary) through this route.” Ibn Majah also narrated it in Kitab al-Zuhd, chapter “The Parable of the World,” no. 4110, 2:1377; Abu Nu'aym in al-Hilyah, 3:253, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, and he stated that al-Bazzar also narrated it; and the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:229. Al-Haythami said in al-Majma', 10:288: “Its chain includes Salih, the client of al-Taw'amah. He was trustworthy, but became confused in his later years; the remainder of its narrators are trustworthy.” Al-Munawi graded it sahih in Fayd al-Qadir, 5:328. Al-Albani cited it in al-Silsilah al-Sahihah, no. 686, stating: “It has been narrated from Sahl ibn Sa'd, Abu Hurayrah, Abdullah ibn Umar, Abdullah ibn Abbas, and a group of Companions; and, in mursal form, from al-Hasan and Amr ibn Murrah.” After presenting the reports, he concluded: “In sum, the hadith, when all these routes are considered together, is unquestionably sahih. And Allah knows best.” (2) Manuscript A reads “Khalid”; the reading adopted here is correct. (3) Al-Tirmidhi narrated it in Kitab al-Zuhd, chapter “What Has Been Related Concerning the Insignificance of the World to Allah,” 6:611–612, and said: “A hasan hadith.” Ibn Majah narrated it in Kitab al-Zuhd, chapter “The Parable of the World,” no. 4111, 2:1377; Ahmad, 4:229; and the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:227–228. (4) Both manuscripts read “al-Qurtubi”; the correct reading is “al-Qurazi,” as al-Qurtubi himself noted, 16:90.

الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ التُّرَابِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ بَسْطَامٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَيَّارٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يُونُسَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَنْظُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَوْ كَانَتِ الدُّنْيَا تَزِنُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ جَنَاحَ بَعُوضَةٍ مَا سَقَى كَافِرًا مِنْهَا قَطْرَةَ مَاءٍ". (١) أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكِسَائِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَلَّالُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ [مُجَالِدِ] (٢) بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدِ ابن شَدَّادٍ أَخِي بَنِي فِهْرٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي الرَّكْبِ الَّذِينَ وَقَفُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى السَّخْلَةِ الْمَيِّتَةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَتَرَوْنَ هَذِهِ هَانَتْ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا حِينَ أَلْقَوْهَا"؟ قَالُوا: مِنْ هَوَانِهَا أَلْقَوْهَا، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "فَالدُّنْيَا أَهْوَنُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا". (٣) ﴿وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِينٌ (٣٦) وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَصُدُّونَهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ (٣٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ﴾ أَيْ يُعْرِضُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَلَمْ يَخَفْ عِقَابَهُ، وَلَمْ يَرْجُ ثَوَابَهُ، يُقَالُ: عَشَوْتُ إِلَى النَّارِ أَعُشْو عَشْوًا، إِذَا قَصَدْتُهَا مُهْتَدِيًا بِهَا، وَعَشَوْتُ عَنْهَا: أَعْرَضْتُ عَنْهَا، كَمَا يَقُولُ: عَدَلْتُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ، وَعَدَلْتُ عَنْهُ، وَمِلْتُ إِلَيْهِ، وَمِلْتُ عَنْهُ. قَالَ الْقُرَظِيُّ (٤) : يُوَلِّي ظَهْرَهُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَهُوَ الْقُرْآنُ. قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ وَالْأَخْفَشُ: يَظْلِمُ بِصَرْفِ بَصَرِهِ عَنْهُ. قَالَ الْخَلِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ: أَصْلُ الْعَشْوِ النَّظَرُ بِبَصَرٍ ضَعِيفٍ. وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: "وَمَنْ يَعْشَ" بِفَتْحِ الشِّينِ أَيْ يَعْمَ، يُقَالُ عَشَى يَعْشَى عَشًا إِذَا عَمِيَ فَهُوَ أَعْشَى، وَامْرَأَةٌ عَشْوَاءُ. ﴿نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا﴾ قَرَأَ يَعْقُوبُ: "يُقَيِّضْ" بِالْيَاءِ، وَالْبَاقُونَ بِالنُّونِ، نُسَبِّبُ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا وَنَضُمُّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَنُسَلِّطُهُ عَلَيْهِ. ﴿فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِينٌ﴾ لَا يُفَارِقُهُ، يُزَيِّنُ لَهُ الْعَمَى وَيُخَيِّلُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ عَلَى الْهُدَى. ﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي الشَّيَاطِينَ، ﴿لَيَصُدُّونَهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ أَيْ لَيَمْنَعُونَهُمْ عَنِ الْهُدَى وَجَمَعَ

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في الزهد، باب: ما جاء في هوان الدنيا على الله: ٦ / ٦١١ وقال: "هذا حديث صحيح غريب من هذا الوجه"، وابن ماجه في الزهد، باب: مثل الدنيا برقم: (٤١١٠) : ٢ / ١٣٧٧، وأبو نعيم في الحلية: ٣ / ٢٥٣ من رواية أبي هريرة وقال: رواه البزار، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٢٩. قال الهيثمي في المجمع: ١٠ / ٢٨٨: "وفيه صالح مولى التوأمة، وهو ثقة لكنه اختلط، وبقية رجاله ثقات". وصححه المناوي في فيض القدير: ٥ / ٣٢٨، وذكره الألباني في الصحيحة رقم: (٦٨٦) وقال: "روى من حديث سهل بن سعد، وأبي هريرة، وعبد الله بن عمر، وعبد الله بن عباس، وجماعة من الصحابة، والحسن وعمرو بن مرة مرسلا، ثم ساق الروايات وقال: وبالجملة فالحديث بمجموع هذه الطرق صحيح بلا ريب، والله أعلم". (٢) في "أ" خالد، وما أثبتناه هو الصواب. (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في الزهد، باب: ما جاء في هوان الدنيا على الله ﷿: ٦ / ٦١١-٦١٢ وقال: "حديث حسن"، وابن ماجه في الزهد، باب: مثل الدنيا برقم: (٤١١١) ٢ / ١٣٧٧، والإمام أحمد: ٤ / ٢٢٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٢٧-٢٢٨. (٤) في المخطوطتين "القرطبي" والصحيح "القرظي" كما ذكره القرطبي: ١٦ / ٩٠.