Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/256)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

So he manumitted her and married her.

Al-Suddi said: It was revealed concerning Abdullah ibn Rawahah, who had a black slave woman. He became angry with her and struck her on the face, then was alarmed and came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and told him what had happened. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked him, “What is she like, Abdullah?” He replied, “She testifies that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah; she fasts Ramadan, performs minor ablution well, and prays.” He said, “She is a believing woman.” Abdullah said, “By Him who sent you as a prophet with the truth, I shall surely manumit her and marry her.” So he did so. Some Muslims censured him, saying, “Will you marry a slave woman?” They offered him a free woman who associated others with Allah, whereupon Allah Most High revealed this verse (1).

Allah Most High says: “And do not give women in marriage to men who associate others with Allah until they believe.” There is consensus on this: it is not lawful for a Muslim woman to marry a man who associates others with Allah. “A believing slave is better than one who associates others with Allah, even if he pleases you”—that is, those who associate others with Allah. ⦗35/b⦘ “Those call to the Fire,” meaning, to deeds that entail the Fire; “while Allah calls to Paradise and forgiveness by His permission,” that is, by His decree and will; “and He makes His verses clear to people,” meaning, His commands and prohibitions, “so that they may take heed”—that is, be admonished.

“And they ask you about menstruation. Say, ‘It is harm, so keep away from women during menstruation, and do not approach them until they are pure. Then, when they have purified themselves, come to them as Allah has commanded you. Indeed, Allah loves those who constantly repent and loves those who purify themselves.’ Your wives are a field of cultivation for you, so come to your field of cultivation as you wish; and send forth good for yourselves. Be mindful of Allah, and know that you will meet Him. And give glad tidings to the believers” (2:222–223).

Allah Most High says: “And they ask you about menstruation.” Abu Tahir Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Qashani informed us; Abu Umar al-Qasim ibn Ja'far ibn Abd al-Wahid al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Umar al-Lu'lu'i informed us; Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al-Ash'ath al-Sijistani informed us; Musa ibn Isma'il informed us; Hammad ibn Salamah informed us; Thabit al-Bunani informed us, from Anas ibn Malik, that whenever a woman among the Jews menstruated, they would put her out of the house; they would neither eat nor drink with her, nor have marital relations with her in the house. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was asked about this, and Allah Most High revealed: “And they ask you about menstruation. Say, ‘It is harm, so keep away from women during menstruation’”—to the end of the verse. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Remain with them in the houses and do everything except intercourse.”

The Jews said, “This man does not wish to leave any matter of ours without opposing us in it.” Then Usayd ibn Hudayr and Abbad ibn Bashir came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, “Messenger of Allah, the Jews say such-and-such. Should we then have intercourse with them while they are menstruating?” The face of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, changed, until we thought that he had become angry with them. They left, but then a gift of milk being brought to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, met them. He sent after them and gave them some to drink, and we understood that he had not become angry with them (2).

(1) Reported by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari from al-Suddi as a mursal report; 4:368, ed. Ahmad Shakir. (2) Reported by Muslim, Kitab al-Hayd, chapter: “The permissibility of a menstruating woman washing her husband’s head,” no. 302, 1:246; and al-Musannaf fi Sharh al-Sunnah, 2:125.

فَأَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا، وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ نَزَلَتْ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ سَوْدَاءَ فَغَضِبَ عَلَيْهَا وَلَطَمَهَا ثُمَّ فَزِعَ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ ﷺ وَمَا هِيَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: هِيَ تَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ وَتُحْسِنُ الْوُضُوءَ وَتُصَلِّي فَقَالَ: "هَذِهِ مُؤْمِنَةٌ" قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيًّا لَأُعْتِقَنَّهَا وَلَأَتَزَوَّجَنَّهَا فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَطَعَنَ عَلَيْهِ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَقَالُوا: أَتَنْكِحُ أَمَةً؟ وَعَرَضُوا عَلَيْهِ حُرَّةً مُشْرِكَةً، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (١) قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تُنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنُوا﴾ هَذَا إِجْمَاعٌ: لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمُسْلِمَةِ أَنْ تَنْكِحَ الْمُشْرِكَ ﴿وَلَعَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكُمْ أُولَئِكَ﴾ يعني المشركين ٣٥/ب ﴿يَدْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ﴾ أَيْ إِلَى الْأَعْمَالِ الْمُوجِبَةِ لِلنَّارِ ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَالْمَغْفِرَةِ بِإِذْنِهِ﴾ أَيْ بِقَضَائِهِ وَإِرَادَتِهِ ﴿وَيُبَيِّنُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ﴾ أَيْ أَوَامِرَهُ وَنَوَاهِيهِ ﴿لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ﴾ يَتَّعِظُونَ. ﴿وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ (٢٢٢) نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ وَقَدِّمُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ مُلَاقُوهُ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (٢٢٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْقَاشَانِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بن عمر اللؤلؤي أَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ أَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ أَنَا ثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ كَانَتْ إِذَا حَاضَتْ مِنْهُمُ الْمَرْأَةُ أَخْرَجُوهَا مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَلَمْ يُؤَاكِلُوهَا وَلَمْ يُشَارِبُوهَا وَلَمْ يُجَامِعُوهَا فِي الْبَيْتِ فَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ﴿وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ﴾ الْآيَةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "جَامِعُوهُنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ وَاصْنَعُوا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا النِّكَاحَ" فَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ مَا يُرِيدُ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ أَنْ يَدَعَ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا إِلَّا خَالَفَنَا فِيهِ فَجَاءَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ بشير إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ تَقُولُ كَذَا وَكَذَا أَفَلَا نَنْكِحُهُنَّ فِي الْمَحِيضِ؟ فَتَمَعَّرَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنْ قَدْ وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَخَرَجَا فَاسْتَقْبَلَتْهُمَا هَدِيَّةٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَبَعَثَ فِي آثَارِهِمَا فَسَقَاهُمَا فَظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجِدْ عَلَيْهِمَا (٢) .

(١) رواه ابن جرير الطبري عن السدي مرسلا ٤ / ٣٦٨ بتحقيق أحمد شاكر. (٢) رواه مسلم: في الحيض - باب: جواز غسل الحائض رأس زوجها ... برقم (٣٠٢) ١ / ٢٤٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة ٢ / ١٢٥.