Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/195)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and if I were to make him ill, that would corrupt him. And among My believing servants are those whose faith can be set right only by illness; were I to grant them health, that would corrupt them. I govern the affairs of My servants according to My knowledge of their hearts. Indeed, I am All-Knowing, All-Aware.” (1)

“He is the One who sends down rain after they have despaired and spreads out His mercy. He is the Protector, the Praiseworthy. (28) And among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the creatures He has dispersed throughout them. When He wills, He is fully able to gather them all. (29) Whatever misfortune befalls you is because of what your own hands have earned, yet He pardons much. (30)”

His saying, exalted is He: “He is the One who sends down rain”—that is, rainfall—“after they have despaired,” meaning, after people have lost hope of it. This is more conducive to their gratitude. Muqatil said: Allah withheld the rain from the people of Mecca for seven years, until they despaired. Then Allah sent down the rain, thereby reminding them of His blessing. “And spreads out His mercy”: He extends His rain, as He says, “He is the One who sends forth the winds as glad tidings before His mercy.” (al-A'raf 75) “He is the Protector” of those who obey Him, “the Praiseworthy” in the sight of His creation.

“And among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the creatures He has dispersed throughout them. When He wills, He is fully able to gather them all”: that is, on the Day of Resurrection.

“Whatever misfortune befalls you is because of what your own hands have earned.” The reciters of Medina and Syria read “because of what your own hands have earned” without the prefixed fa (“so”), and this is likewise how it appears in their codices. Whoever omits the fa understands the opening word as a relative pronoun, meaning: That which has befallen you is because of what your own hands have earned. “Yet He pardons much.” Al-Hasan said: When this verse was revealed, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “By Him in whose Hand is Muhammad’s soul, no scratch from a stick, no stumble of a foot, and no twitch of a vein occurs except because of a sin; and what Allah pardons is even greater.” (2)

Abu Sa'id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; Abu Abd Allah ibn Fanjawayh informed me; Abu Bakr ibn Malik al-Qati'i narrated to us; Bishr ibn Musa al-Asadi narrated to us; Khalaf ibn al-Walid narrated to us; Marwan ibn Mu'awiyah narrated to us; al-Azhar ibn Rashid al-Bahili informed me, from al-Khadir ibn al-Qawwas al-Bajali, from Abu Sukhaylah, who said:

(1) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:353, to Ibn Abi al-Dunya in Kitab al-Awliya, al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi in Nawadir al-Usul, Ibn Mardawayh, Abu Nu'aym in al-Hilya, and Ibn Asakir in his Tarikh. See also Ibn Rajab, Jami al-Ulum wa al-Hikam, p. 338. (2) Hannad narrated it as a mursal report in al-Zuhd, 1:519. It has corroborating reports in al-Tirmidhi from the hadith of Abu Musa al-Ashari and in al-Tabarani from the hadith of al-Bara. See the commentary on Kitab al-Zuhd at the preceding reference. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:354, to Sa'id ibn Mansur, Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Ibn Abi Hatim.

وَلَوْ أَسْقَمْتُهُ لَأَفْسَدَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَمَنْ لَا يُصْلِحُ إِيمَانَهُ إِلَّا السَّقَمُ وَلَوْ أَصْحَحْتُهُ لَأَفْسَدَهُ ذَلِكَ، إِنِّي أُدَبِّرُ أَمْرَ عِبَادِي بِعِلْمِي بِقُلُوبِهِمْ إِنِّي عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ". (١) ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا قَنَطُوا وَيَنْشُرُ رَحْمَتَهُ وَهُوَ الْوَلِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ (٢٨) وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَثَّ فِيهِمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ وَهُوَ عَلَى جَمْعِهِمْ إِذَا يَشَاءُ قَدِيرٌ (٢٩) وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ (٣٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ﴾ الْمَطَرَ، ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا قَنَطُوا﴾ يَعْنِي: مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا يَئِسَ النَّاسُ مِنْهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَدْعَى لَهُمْ إِلَى الشُّكْرِ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: حَبَسَ اللَّهُ الْمَطَرَ عَنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ حَتَّى قَنِطُوا، ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الْمَطَرَ فَذَكَّرَهُمُ اللَّهُ نِعْمَتَهُ، ﴿وَيَنْشُرُ رَحْمَتَهُ﴾ يَبْسُطُ مَطَرَهُ، كَمَا قَالَ: "وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ بُشْرًى بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَحْمَتِهِ". (الْأَعْرَافِ-٧٥) ﴿وَهُوَ الْوَلِيُّ﴾ لِأَهْلِ طَاعَتِهِ، ﴿الْحَمِيدُ﴾ عِنْدَ خَلْقِهِ. ﴿وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَثَّ فِيهِمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ وَهُوَ عَلَى جَمْعِهِمْ إِذَا يَشَاءُ قَدِيرٌ﴾ يَعْنِي: يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ. ﴿وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالشَّامِ "بِمَا كَسَبَتْ" بِغَيْرِ فَاءٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي مَصَاحِفِهِمْ، فَمَنْ حَذَفَ الْفَاءَ جَعَلَ "مَا" فِي أَوَّلِ الْآيَةِ بِمَعْنَى الَّذِي أَصَابَكُمْ بِمَا كسبت أيديكم. ﴿وَيَعْفُوا عَنْ كَثِيرٍ﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا مِنْ خَدْشِ عُودٍ وَلَا عَثْرَةِ قَدَمٍ، وَلَا اخْتِلَاجِ عِرْقٍ إِلَّا بِذَنْبٍ، وَمَا يَعْفُو اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَكْثَرُ". (٢) أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْقَطِيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْأَسَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْأَزْهَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ عَنِ الْخَضِرِ بْنِ الْقَوَّاسِ الْبَجَلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي سُخَيْلَةَ قَالَ:

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٥٣ لابن أبي الدنيا في كتاب الأولياء والحكيم الترمذي في نوادر الأصول وابن مردويه وأبي نعيم في الحلية وابن عساكر في تاريخه، وانظر: جامع العلوم والحكم لابن رجب ص (٣٣٨) . (٢) أخرجه هناد مرسلا في الزهد: ١ / ٥١٩، وله شواهد عند الترمذي من حديث أبي موسى الأشعري وعند الطبراني من حديث البراء. انظر: التعليق على كتاب الزهد في الموضع السابق. وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٥٤ لسعيد بن منصور، وعبد بن حميد، وابن المنذر، وابن أبي حاتم.