Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/191)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

meaning: that you safeguard my ties of kinship, show me affection, and maintain ties with my relatives. (1) This was also the view of Mujahid, Qatadah, Ikrimah, Muqatil, al-Suddi, and al-Dahhak.

Ikrimah said: “I ask you no payment for that to which I call you, except that you honor me on account of the kinship between me and you”—and not as the liars claim. (2)

Ibn Abi Najih narrated from Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas, concerning the meaning of the verse: “Except that you love Allah and draw near to Him through obedience to Him.” (3) This was also the view of al-Hasan, who said: It means drawing near to Allah; that is, except that you draw near to Allah and seek His love through obedience and righteous deeds.

Others said that it means: except that you show affection to 115/b my relatives and my family, and honor me with regard to them. This was the view of Sa'id ibn Jubayr and Amr ibn Shu'ayb.

They differed regarding which relatives were intended. It was said: They are Fatimah, Ali, and their children, concerning whom the following was revealed: “Indeed, Allah only intends to keep all impurity away from you, O People of the Household, and to purify you completely.” (al-Ahzab 33)

It was narrated to us from Yazid ibn Hayyan, from Zayd ibn Arqam, that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I am leaving among you the two weighty matters: the Book of Allah and my household. I remind you by Allah concerning my household.” Zayd ibn Arqam was asked: “Who are the members of his household?” He replied: “They are the family of Ali, the family of Aqil, the family of Ja'far, and the family of Abbas.” (4)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Abdullah ibn Abd al-Wahhab narrated to us; Khalid narrated to us; Shu'bah narrated to us from Waqid, who said: I heard my father narrating from Ibn Umar, from Abu Bakr, who said: “Safeguard the rights of Muhammad with respect to his household.” (5)

It was also said: They are those of his relatives to whom charitable alms are forbidden and among whom the one-fifth share is apportioned. They are Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib, who were not separated either in the pre-Islamic period or in Islam. (6)

Some said: This verse was abrogated. It was revealed in Mecca, when the polytheists were harming the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Allah therefore revealed this verse, commanding them in it to show affection for the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and to maintain ties with his relatives. (7) Then, when he emigrated to Medina and was given refuge by

(1) Ibn Hajar attributed it to Ahmad ibn Mani with a sound chain of transmission. See al-Matalib al-Aliyah, 3:368. (2) Ibn Hajar attributed it to Ahmad ibn Mani with a sound chain of transmission. See al-Matalib al-Aliyah, 3:368. (3) See al-Tabari, 25:23. (4) Narrated by Imam Ahmad, 1:268. Al-Haythami stated in Majma al-Zawaid, 7:103: “It was narrated by Ahmad and al-Tabarani. Among Ahmad’s transmitters is Quzah ibn Suwayd, whom Ibn Ma'in and others declared trustworthy, though he has some weakness; the rest of its transmitters are trustworthy.” It was also narrated by al-Hakim, 2:443-444, who said: “This hadith has a sound chain of transmission, though al-Bukhari and Muslim did not narrate it.” Al-Dhahabi concurred. Al-Suyuti further attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:347, to Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Mardawayh. (5) Part of a hadith narrated by Muslim in Fada'il al-Sahabah, chapter: “Among the Virtues of Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him,” no. 2408, 4:1873. (6) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Fada'il al-Sahabah, chapter: “The Merits of the Relatives of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,” 7:78. (7) See Zad al-Masir, 7:285.

يَعْنِي: أَنْ تحفظوا قرابتي وتودوتي وَتَصِلُوا رَحِمِي. (١) وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَقَتَادَةُ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ، وَمُقَاتِلٌ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ، ﵃. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: لَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَى مَا أَدْعُوكُمْ إِلَيْهِ أَجْرًا إِلَّا أَنْ تَحْفَظُونِي فِي قَرَابَتِي بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ (٢) ، وَلَيْسَ كَمَا يَقُولُ الْكَذَّابُونَ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: إِلَّا أَنْ تَوَدُّوا اللَّهَ وَتَتَقَرَّبُوا إِلَيْهِ بِطَاعَتِهِ (٣) ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: هُوَ الْقُرْبَى إِلَى اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ: إِلَّا التَّقَرُّبَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالتَّوَدُّدَ إِلَيْهِ بِالطَّاعَةِ وَالْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: مَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أن تودوا ١١٥/ب قَرَابَتِي وَعِتْرَتِي وَتَحْفَظُونِي فِيهِمْ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي قَرَابَتِهِ قِيلَ: هُمْ فَاطِمَةُ وَعَلِيٌّ وَأَبْنَاؤُهُمَا، وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَ: "إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ" (الْأَحْزَابِ-٣٣) . وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ حَيَّانَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنِّي تَارِكٌ فِيكُمُ الثَّقَلَيْنِ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِي أُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللَّهَ فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِي"، قِيلَ لِزَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ: مَنْ أَهْلُ بَيْتِهِ؟ قَالَ: هُمْ آلُ عَلِيٍّ وَآلُ عَقِيلٍ وَآلُ جَعْفَرٍ وَآلُ عَبَّاسٍ. (٤) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ وَاقِدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: ارْقُبُوا مُحَمَّدًا فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ. (٥) وَقِيلَ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ أَقَارِبِهِ وَيُقَسَّمُ فِيهِمُ الْخُمْسُ، وَهُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ، الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقُوا فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلَا فِي إِسْلَامٍ. (٦) وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ مَنْسُوخَةٌ وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ بِمَكَّةَ، وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ فِيهَا بِمَوَدَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَصِلَةِ رَحِمِهِ (٧) ، فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَآوَاهُ

(١) عزاه ابن حجر لأحمد بن منيع بإسناد صحيح. انظر: المطالب العالية: ٣ / ٣٦٨. (٢) عزاه ابن حجر لأحمد بن منيع بإسناد صحيح. انظر: المطالب العالية: ٣ / ٣٦٨. (٣) انظر: الطبري: ٢٥ / ٢٣. (٤) أخرجه الإمام أحمد: ١ / ٢٦٨. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١٠٣ "رواه أحمد والطبراني ورجال أحمد فيهم قزعة بن سويد، وثقه ابن معين وغيره، وفيه ضعف، وبقية رجاله ثقات"، والحاكم: ٢ / ٤٤٣-٤٤٤ وقال: هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه، ووافقه الذهبي، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٤٧ عزوه لابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه. (٥) قطعة من حديث أخرجه مسلم في فضائل الصحابة: باب: من فضائل علي بن أبي طالب ﵁، برقم: (٢٤٠٨) : ٤ / ١٨٧٣. (٦) أخرجه البخاري في فضائل الصحابة، باب مناقب قرابة رسول الله ﷺ: ٧ / ٧٨. (٧) انظر: زاد المسير: ٧ / ٢٨٥.