Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/185)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

about the Gathering: it will certainly take place; then, after the gathering, they will separate: “one party will be in Paradise and another party in the Blaze.”

Abu Sa‘id Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; Abu Mansur al-Khashmadhi related to us; Abu al-‘Abbas al-Asamm related to us; Abu ‘Uthman Sa‘id ibn ‘Uthman al-Tanukhi related to us; Bishr ibn Bakr related to us; Sa‘id ibn ‘Uthman narrated to me from Abu al-Zahir; Jarir ibn Kurayb related to us from ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As. Al-Tha‘labi said: Abu ‘Abdullah ibn Fanjawayh al-Dinawari informed us; Abu Bakr ibn Malik al-Qati‘i related to us; ‘Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal related to us; my father related to me; Hashim ibn al-Qasim related to us; Layth related to us; Abu Qubayl al-Mu‘afiri narrated to me from Shufayy al-Asbahi, from ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr, who said:

One day, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, came out to us holding two books in his hands. He said, “Do you know what these two books are?” We replied, “No, O Messenger of Allah.” He said, regarding the one in his right hand: “This is a book from the Lord of the worlds. It contains the names of the people of Paradise, the names of their fathers and their clans, and their number, before they became settled as sperm-drops in the loins and before they became settled as sperm-drops in the wombs, while they were still lying in the clay. Not one of them will be added, nor will one of them be diminished—an exhaustive reckoning from Allah concerning them until the Day of Resurrection. [Then he said regarding the one in his left hand: ‘This is a book from the Lord of the worlds. It contains the names of the people of the Fire, the names of their fathers and their clans, and their number, before they became settled as sperm-drops in the loins and before they became settled as sperm-drops in the wombs, while they were still lying in the clay. Not one of them will be added, nor will one of them be diminished—an exhaustive reckoning from Allah concerning them until the Day of Resurrection.’]” (1)

‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr said, “Then what is the purpose of deeds, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “Act, strive to do what is right, and do your best to come close to it. For the one destined for Paradise will have his life concluded with the deeds of the people of Paradise, whatever deeds he may have done; and the one destined for the Fire will have his life concluded with the deeds of the people of the Fire, whatever deeds he may have done.” Then he said, “One party will be in Paradise”—a favor from Allah—“and another party in the Blaze”—justice from Allah. (2)

“And had Allah willed, He could have made them one community; but He admits whomever He wills into His mercy. As for the wrongdoers, they will have neither protector nor helper. (8)”

Allah, glorified and exalted is He, says: “And had Allah willed, He could have made them one community.” Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: upon one religion. Muqatil said: upon the religion of Islam, as in His saying: “Had Allah willed, He could have brought them all together upon guidance” (al-An‘am 6:35). “But He admits whomever He wills into His mercy”: into the religion of Islam. “As for the wrongdoers”: the disbelievers. “They will have no protector”: one who can ward off the punishment from them; “nor helper”: one who can save them from the Fire.

(1) The text in parentheses is omitted in manuscript “B.” (2) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in al-Qadar, chapter: “What Has Been Reported Concerning the Hearts Being Between Two Fingers of the Most Merciful,” 6:350–352; al-Nasai in al-Tafsir, 2:265; Ibn Abi Asim in al-Sunnah, 1:154; Imam Ahmad, 2:167; and al-Tabari, 25:9. In al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:337, al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn al-Mundhir and Ibn Mardawayh. See also Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah, no. 848.

فِي الْجَمْعِ أَنَّهُ كَائِنٌ ثُمَّ بَعْدَ الْجَمْعِ يَتَفَرَّقُونَ. ﴿فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِيرِ﴾ . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْخَشْمَاذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي الزَّاهِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ كُرَيْبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، قَالَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْقَطِيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو قُبَيْلٍ الْمُعَافِرِيُّ عَنْ شُفَيٍّ الْأَصْبَحِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ قَابِضًا عَلَى كَفَّيْهِ وَمَعَهُ كِتَابَانِ، فَقَالَ: "أَتُدْرُونَ مَا هَذَانِ الْكِتَابَانِ؟ " قُلْنَا: لَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: "لِلَّذِي فِي يَدِهِ الْيُمْنَى: هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ فِيهِ أَسْمَاءُ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَأَسْمَاءُ آبَائِهِمْ وَعَشَائِرِهِمْ وَعِدَّتُهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَقِرُّوا نُطَفًا فِي الْأَصْلَابِ، وَقَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَقِرُّوا نُطَفًا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ إِذْ هُمْ فِي الطِّينَةِ مُنْجَدِلُونَ فَلَيْسَ بِزَائِدٍ فِيهِمْ وَلَا نَاقِصٍ مِنْهُمْ، إِجْمَالٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، [ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلَّذِي فِي يَسَارِهِ: هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ فِيهِ أَسْمَاءُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَأَسْمَاءُ آبَائِهِمْ وَعَشَائِرِهِمْ وَعِدَّتُهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَقِرُّوا نُطَفًا فِي الْأَصْلَابِ، وَقَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَقِرُّوا نُطَفًا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ إِذْ هُمْ فِي الطِّينَةِ مُنْجَدِلُونَ، فَلَيْسَ بِزَائِدٍ فِيهِمْ وَلَا بِنَاقِصٍ مِنْهُمْ، إِجْمَالٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ] (١) ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو: فَفِيمَ الْعَمَلُ إذًا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ فَقَالَ: "اعْمَلُوا وَسَدِّدُوا وَقَارِبُوا، فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ الْجَنَّةِ يُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنْ عَمِلَ أَيَّ عَمَلٍ، وَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ النَّارِ يُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَإِنْ عَمِلَ أَيَّ عَمَلٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: "فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ" فَضْلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ، "وَفَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِيرِ"، عَدْلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿". (٢) ﴿وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَهُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَكِنْ يُدْخِلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ وَالظَّالِمُونَ مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ (٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَهُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: عَلَى دِينٍ وَاحِدٍ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: عَلَى مِلَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى الْهُدَى" (الْأَنْعَامِ-٣٥) ، ﴿وَلَكِنْ يُدْخِلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ﴾ فِي دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ، ﴿وَالظَّالِمُونَ﴾ الْكَافِرُونَ، ﴿مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ﴾ يَدْفَعُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابَ، ﴿وَلَا نَصِيرٍ﴾ يَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ.

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٢) أخرجه الترمذي في القدر، باب ما جاء أن القلوب بين أصبعي الرحمن: ٦ / ٣٥٠-٣٥٢، والنسائي في التفسير: ٢ / ٢٦٥، وابن أبي عاصم في السنة: ١ / ١٥٤، والإمام أحمد: ٢ / ١٦٧، والطبري: ٢٥ / ٩، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٣٧ لابن المنذر وابن مردويه. وانظر: سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة رقم: (٨٤٨) .