Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/179)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“When We bestow favor upon man, he turns away and keeps aloof; but when adversity touches him, he becomes one of prolonged supplication. (51) Say, ‘Have you considered: if this Quran is from Allah and you then disbelieve in it, who is further astray than one who is in far-reaching opposition?’ (52) We shall show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. Is it not enough that your Lord is a Witness over all things? (53) Truly, they are in doubt about meeting their Lord. Truly, He encompasses all things. (54)”

“When We bestow favor upon man, he turns away and keeps aloof; but when adversity touches him, he becomes one of prolonged supplication”: that is, of abundant supplication. The Arabs use both length and breadth to denote abundance. Thus it is said, “So-and-so prolonged his speech, supplication, and exposition,” meaning that he spoke at length.

“Say, ‘Have you considered: if this Quran is from Allah and you then disbelieve in it, who is further astray than one who is in far-reaching opposition?’” That is, opposition to the truth and far removed from it. In other words, no one is further astray than you.

“We shall show them Our signs in the horizons.” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: This refers to the abandoned dwellings of former nations. “And within themselves”: through afflictions and illnesses.

Qatadah said: “In the horizons” refers to Allah’s punishments among the nations, while “within themselves” refers to the Day of Badr.

Mujahid, al-Hasan, and al-Suddi said: “In the horizons” refers to the towns that will be conquered for Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and the Muslims, (1) while “within themselves” refers to the conquest of Mecca. “Until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth”: that is, the religion of Islam. It was also said that it refers to the Quran: it will become clear to them that it is from Allah. And it was said that it refers to Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him: it will become clear to them that he is supported by Allah, Most High.

Ata and Ibn Zayd said: “In the horizons” refers to the regions of heaven and earth—the sun, moon, stars, vegetation, trees, and rivers—while “within themselves” refers to the subtlety of His workmanship and the marvel of His wisdom, until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. (2)

“Is it not enough that your Lord is a Witness over all things?” Muqatil said: Is it not enough that your Lord is a witness that the Quran is from Allah, Most High? Al-Zajjaj said: The meaning of sufficiency here is that Allah, Exalted is He, has made clear such proofs as are sufficient. That is: Is it not enough concerning your Lord that He is a Witness over all things—a Witness from whom nothing is hidden?

“Truly, they are in doubt about meeting their Lord”: that is, they are in doubt about the resurrection. “Truly, He encompasses all things”: His knowledge encompasses all things.

(1) See Ibn Kathir, Tafsir, 4:106. (2) See al-Qurtubi, 15:374-375.

﴿وَإِذَا أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ أَعْرَضَ وَنَأَى بِجَانِبِهِ وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَذُو دُعَاءٍ عَرِيضٍ (٥١) قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ كَفَرْتُمْ بِهِ مَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنْ هُوَ فِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ (٥٢) سَنُرِيهِمْ آيَاتِنَا فِي الْآفَاقِ وَفِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (٥٣) أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِنْ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ أَلَا إِنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُحِيطٌ (٥٤) ﴾ ﴿وَإِذَا أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ أَعْرَضَ وَنَأَى بِجَانِبِهِ وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَذُو دُعَاءٍ عَرِيضٍ﴾ كَثِيرٍ وَالْعَرَبُ تَسْتَعْمِلُ الطُّولَ وَالْعَرْضَ فِي الْكَثْرَةِ، فَيُقَالُ: أَطَالَ فَلَانٌ الْكَلَامَ وَالدُّعَاءَ وَأَعْرَضَ، أَيْ: أَكْثَرَ. ﴿قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ كَانَ﴾ هَذَا الْقُرْآنُ، ﴿مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ كَفَرْتُمْ بِهِ مَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنْ هُوَ فِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ﴾ خِلَافٍ لِلْحَقِّ بَعِيدٍ عَنْهُ، أَيْ: فَلَا أَحَدَ أَضَلُّ مِنْكُمْ. ﴿سَنُرِيهِمْ آيَاتِنَا فِي الْآفَاقِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: يَعْنِي مَنَازِلَ الْأُمَمِ الْخَالِيَةِ. ﴿وَفِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ بِالْبَلَاءِ وَالْأَمْرَاضِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: فِي الْآفَاقِ يَعْنِي: وَقَائِعَ اللَّهِ فِي الْأُمَمِ، وَفِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ: "فِي الْآفَاقِ": مَا يُفْتَحُ مِنَ الْقُرَى عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ، (١) "وَفِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ": فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ. ﴿حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ﴾ يَعْنِي: دِينَ الْإِسْلَامِ. وَقِيلَ: الْقُرْآنُ يَتَبَيَّنُ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ. وَقِيلَ: مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ، يَتَبَيَّنُ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ مُؤَيَّدٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ: "فِي الْآفَاقِ" يَعْنِي: أَقْطَارَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ وَالنُّجُومِ وَالنَّبَاتِ وَالْأَشْجَارِ وَالْأَنْهَارِ، "وَفِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ" مِنْ لَطِيفِ الصَّنْعَةِ وَبَدِيعِ الْحِكْمَةِ، حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ. (٢) ﴿أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ﴾ قال مقاتل: أو لم يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ شَاهِدًا أَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى. قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: مَعْنَى الْكِفَايَةِ هَاهُنَا: أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَدْ بَيَّنَ مِنَ الدَّلَائِلِ مَا فِيهِ كفاية، يعني: أو لم يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ لِأَنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ، شَاهِدٌ لَا يَغِيبُ عَنْهُ شَيْءٌ. ﴿أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِنْ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ﴾ فِي شَكٍّ مِنَ الْبَعْثِ، ﴿أَلَا إِنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُحِيطٌ﴾ أَحَاطَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عِلْمًا.

(١) انظر: ابن كثير في تفسيره: ٤ / ١٠٦. (٢) انظر: القرطبي: ١٥ / ٣٧٤-٣٧٥.