Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/178)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“fruit,” in the singular. “From their sheaths”: that is, from their receptacles; the singular is kim (sheath). (1) Ibn Abbas said: this means the flower buds (2) before they split open. “No female conceives or gives birth except with His knowledge”—[that is, except by His permission] (3). This means that knowledge of the Hour is referred back to Him, just as knowledge of fruits and offspring is referred back to Him.

“And on the Day He calls to them”: Allah will call the idolaters, “Where are My partners”—those whom you used to claim were deities? “They will say”—that is, the idolaters—“We declare to You”: we inform You, “that none of us can testify”: that is, none of us can testify that You have a partner. When they behold the punishment, they will disavow the idols.

“And lost to them were those whom they used to invoke before, and they became certain that there was no escape for them. (48) Man does not grow weary of praying for good, but if evil touches him, he becomes despairing and despondent. (49) And if We give him a taste of mercy from Us after hardship has touched him, he will surely say, ‘This is my due, and I do not think that the Hour will come. And even if I am returned to my Lord, I will surely have the finest reward with Him.’ But We shall certainly inform those who disbelieved of what they did, and We shall surely give them a taste of severe punishment. (50)”

“And lost to them were those whom they used to invoke”: that is, worship, “before”: in this world. “And they became certain”: they knew with certainty, “that there was no escape for them”: no place of flight.

“Man does not grow weary”: the disbeliever does not tire, “of praying for good”: that is, he continues to ask his Lord for good—meaning wealth, prosperity, and health. “But if evil touches him”: hardship and poverty, “he becomes despairing”: of Allah’s relief, “and despondent”: of His mercy.

“And if We give him a taste of mercy from Us”: if We grant him goodness, well-being, and wealth, “after hardship has touched him”: after affliction and trial have befallen him, “he will surely say, ‘This is my due’”: that is, by virtue of my deeds, and I deserve it. “And I do not think that the Hour will come. And even if I am returned to my Lord, I will surely have the finest reward with Him.” The disbeliever says this: I am not certain of the resurrection; but if that is indeed the case and I am returned to my Lord, I will surely have the finest reward with Him—that is, Paradise. In other words, just as He gave me in this world, He will give me in the Hereafter. “But We shall certainly inform those who disbelieved of what they did.” Ibn Abbas said: We shall certainly make them confront the evil of their deeds, (4) “and We shall surely give them a taste of severe punishment.”

(1) Al-kimm, with kasrah on the kaf, means the sheath of the flower cluster and the covering of the blossom. (2) It is the sheath of grapes before they ripen. (3) Added from manuscript B. (4) Manuscript A reads: la-nafqahannahum (We would surely make them understand).

"ثَمَرَةٍ" عَلَى التَّوْحِيدِ، ﴿مِنْ أَكْمَامِهَا﴾ أَوْعِيَتِهَا، وَاحِدُهَا: كِمٌّ. (١) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: يَعْنِي الْكُفَرَّى (٢) قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْشَقَّ. ﴿وَمَا تَحْمِلُ مِنْ أُنْثَى وَلَا تَضَعُ إِلَّا بِعِلْمِهِ﴾ [إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ] (٣) ، يَقُولُ: يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ كَمَا يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ عِلْمُ الثِّمَارِ وَالنِّتَاجَ. ﴿وَيَوْمَ يُنَادِيهِمْ﴾ يُنَادِي اللَّهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، ﴿أَيْنَ شُرَكَائِي﴾ الَّذِينَ كُنْتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهَا آلِهَةٌ، ﴿قَالُوا﴾ يَعْنِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ، ﴿آذَنَّاكَ﴾ أَعْلَمْنَاكَ، ﴿مَا مِنَّا مِنْ شَهِيدٍ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ شَاهِدٍ بِأَنَّ لَكَ شَرِيكًا لَمَّا عاينوا العذاب تبرأوا مِنَ الْأَصْنَامِ. ﴿وَضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَدْعُونَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَظَنُّوا مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ مَحِيصٍ (٤٨) لَا يَسْأَمُ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ دُعَاءِ الْخَيْرِ وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَيَئُوسٌ قَنُوطٌ (٤٩) وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَاهُ رَحْمَةً مِنَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ ضَرَّاءَ مَسَّتْهُ لَيَقُولَنَّ هَذَا لِي وَمَا أَظُنُّ السَّاعَةَ قَائِمَةً وَلَئِنْ رُجِعْتُ إِلَى رَبِّي إِنَّ لِي عِنْدَهُ لَلْحُسْنَى فَلَنُنَبِّئَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِمَا عَمِلُوا وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ (٥٠) ﴾ ﴿وَضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَدْعُونَ﴾ يَعْبُدُونَ، ﴿مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ فِي الدُّنْيَا ﴿وَظَنُّوا﴾ أَيْقَنُوا، ﴿مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ مَحِيصٍ﴾ مَهْرَبٍ. ﴿لَا يَسْأَمُ الْإِنْسَانُ﴾ لَا يَمَلُّ الْكَافِرُ، ﴿مِنْ دُعَاءِ الْخَيْرِ﴾ أَيْ: لَا يَزَالُ يَسْأَلُ رَبَّهُ الْخَيْرَ، يَعْنِي الْمَالَ وَالْغِنَى وَالصِّحَّةَ، ﴿وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ﴾ الشِّدَّةُ وَالْفَقْرُ، ﴿فَيَئُوسٌ﴾ مِنْ رُوحِ اللَّهِ، ﴿قَنُوطٌ﴾ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ. ﴿وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَاهُ رَحْمَةً مِنَّا﴾ آتَيْنَاهُ خَيْرًا وَعَافِيَةً وَغِنًى، ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ ضَرَّاءَ مَسَّتْهُ﴾ مِنْ بَعْدِ شِدَّةٍ وَبَلَاءٍ أَصَابَتْهُ، ﴿لَيَقُولَنَّ هَذَا لِي﴾ أَيْ: بِعَمَلِي وَأَنَا مَحْقُوقٌ بِهَذَا، ﴿وَمَا أَظُنُّ السَّاعَةَ قَائِمَةً وَلَئِنْ رُجِعْتُ إِلَى رَبِّي إِنَّ لِي عِنْدَهُ لَلْحُسْنَى﴾ يَقُولُ هَذَا الْكَافِرُ: لَسْتُ عَلَى يَقِينٍ مِنَ الْبَعْثِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَرُدِدْتُ إِلَى رَبِّي إِنَّ لِي عِنْدَهُ لَلْحُسْنَى، أَيِ: الْجَنَّةُ، أَيْ: كَمَا أَعْطَانِي فِي الدُّنْيَا سَيُعْطِينِي فِي الْآخِرَةِ. ﴿فَلَنُنَبِّئَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِمَا عَمِلُوا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: لنقفنهم (٤) على مساوىء أَعْمَالِهِمْ، ﴿وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ﴾ .

(١) الكم: بالكسر وعاء الطلع وغطاء النور. (٢) هو كم العنب قبل أن ينور. (٣) زيادة من "ب". (٤) في "أ" لنفقهنهم.