Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/173)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Concerning His saying, exalted is He: “The angels descend upon them”: Ibn Abbas said: “At the time of death.” Qatadah and Muqatil said: “When they rise from their graves.” (1) Waki ibn al-Jarrah said: “The glad tidings come at three stages: at death, in the grave, and at the Resurrection.” “Do not fear” death. Mujahid said: “Do not fear what lies ahead of you in the affairs of the Hereafter.” “Nor grieve” over the family and children you have left behind, for we shall take your place in caring for all of them. (2) Ata ibn Abi Rabah said: “Do not fear or grieve over your sins, for I forgive them for you,” (3) “and rejoice in the glad tidings of Paradise, which you were promised.”

“We are your protectors in the life of this world and in the Hereafter. There you shall have whatever your souls desire, and there you shall have whatever you ask for—(31) as a welcome provision from the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful. (32) And who is better in speech than one who calls to Allah, does righteous deeds, and says, ‘Indeed, I am among those who submit to Allah’? (33)”

“We are your protectors”: the angels who descend upon them with glad tidings say to them: “We are your protectors, your helpers and beloved companions, in the life of this world and in the Hereafter.” [That is, in this world and the Hereafter. Al-Suddi said: “The angels say: ‘We are the guardian angels who were with you in this world, and we are your protectors in the Hereafter.’”] (4) They say: “We shall not leave you until you enter Paradise.” “There you shall have whatever your souls desire” of honours and delights, “and there you shall have”—that is, in Paradise—“whatever you ask for”; that is, whatever you wish for.

“As a welcome provision” means sustenance, “from the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful.”

Concerning His saying, exalted is He: “And who is better in speech than one who calls to Allah”—113/b—that is, to obedience to Him—“and does righteous deeds and says, ‘Indeed, I am among those who submit to Allah’”: Ibn Sirin [as well as al-Suddi and Ibn Abbas] said: (5) “It refers to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who called to the testimony that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah.” (6) Al-Hasan said: “It refers to the believer who answers Allah’s call, calls people to that to which he himself responded, performs righteous deeds in responding to it, and says, ‘Indeed, I am among those who submit to Allah.’” (7)

Aishah said: “I consider this verse to have been revealed concerning the callers to prayer.” (8)

(1) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:496; Zad al-Masir, 7:254. (2) Recorded by al-Tabari, 24:116; cited by Ibn Kathir in his Tafsir, 4:100. (3) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:496. (4) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript “A.” (5) Added from manuscript “B.” (6) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:325, to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn al-Mundhir. (7) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:325, to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn al-Mundhir. (8) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:325, to Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Ibn Mardawayh, through one chain from Aishah.

قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: إِذَا قَامُوا مِنْ قُبُورِهِمْ. (١) قَالَ وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجِرَاحِ: الْبُشْرَى تَكُونُ فِي ثَلَاثِ مَوَاطِنَ: عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَفِي الْقَبْرِ وَعِنْدَ الْبَعْثِ. ﴿أَلَّا تَخَافُوا﴾ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: لَا تَخَافُوا عَلَى مَا تَقْدَمُونَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْآخِرَةِ. ﴿وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا﴾ عَلَى مَا خَلَّفْتُمْ مِنْ أَهْلٍ وَوَلَدٍ، فَإِنَّا نَخْلُفُكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ. (٢) وَقَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ: لَا تَخَافُوا وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا عَلَى ذُنُوبِكُمْ فَإِنِّي أَغْفِرُهَا لَكُمْ (٣) ، ﴿وَأَبْشِرُوا بِالْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي كُنْتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ﴾ . ﴿نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاؤُكُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِي أَنْفُسُكُمْ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَدَّعُونَ (٣١) نُزُلًا مِنْ غَفُورٍ رَحِيمٍ (٣٢) وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ قَوْلًا مِمَّنْ دَعَا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا وَقَالَ إِنَّنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ (٣٣) ﴾ ﴿نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاؤُكُمْ﴾ تَقُولُ لَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ الَّذِينَ تَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْبِشَارَةِ: نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاؤُكُمْ أَنْصَارُكُمْ وَأَحِبَّاؤُكُمْ، ﴿فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ﴾ [أَيْ: فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ. وَقَالَ الْسُّدِّيُّ: تَقُولُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ نَحْنُ الْحَفَظَةُ الَّذِينَ كُنَّا مَعَكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَنَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاؤُكُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ] (٤) يَقُولُونَ لَا نُفَارِقُكُمْ حَتَّى تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ. ﴿وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِي أَنْفُسُكُمْ﴾ مِنَ الْكَرَامَاتِ وَاللَّذَّاتِ، ﴿وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا﴾ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، ﴿مَا تَدَّعُونَ﴾ تَتَمَنَّوْنَ. ﴿نُزُلًا﴾ رِزْقًا، ﴿مِنْ غَفُورٍ رَحِيمٍ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ قَوْلًا مِمَّنْ دَعَا إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ ١١٣/ب إِلَى طَاعَتِهِ، ﴿وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا وَقَالَ إِنَّنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ [وَالسُّدِّيُّ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ] : (٥) هُوَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَا إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. (٦) وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: هُوَ الْمُؤْمِنُ الَّذِي أَجَابَ اللَّهَ فِي دَعْوَتِهِ، وَدَعَا النَّاسَ إِلَى مَا أَجَابَ إِلَيْهِ، وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فِي إِجَابَتِهِ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. (٧) وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: أَرَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ. (٨)

(١) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٤٩٦، زاد المسير: ٧ / ٢٥٤. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٤ / ١١٦، وذكره ابن كثير في تفسيره: ٤ / ١٠٠. (٣) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٤٩٦. (٤) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٥) زيادة من "ب". (٦) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٢٥ لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر. (٧) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٢٥ لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر. (٨) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٢٥ لابن أبي شيبة وابن المنذر وابن مردويه من وجه عن عائشة.