Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/172)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Indeed, those who say, ‘Our Lord is Allah,’ and then remain steadfast—the angels descend upon them, saying, ‘Do not fear, nor grieve; rather, rejoice in the glad tidings of Paradise, which you were promised.’” (30)

“That”—the severe punishment I have mentioned—“is the recompense of Allah’s enemies.” He then explains that recompense, saying: “the Fire”; that is, it is the Fire. “Therein they shall have”—that is, in the Fire—“the Abode of Eternity,” an abode in which they shall remain, never to depart from it, “as a recompense for having denied Our signs.”

“Those who disbelieve will say”—that is, they will say in the Fire—“Our Lord, show us those among jinn and humankind who led us astray,” meaning Iblis and Cain, the son of Adam, who killed his brother, because the two of them initiated disobedience. “So that we may place them beneath our feet” in the Fire, “that they may be among the lowest”; that is, that they may be in the lowest depth of the Fire. Ibn Abbas said: “So that their punishment may be more severe than ours.”

Concerning His saying: “Indeed, those who say, ‘Our Lord is Allah,’ and then remain steadfast”: Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, was asked about steadfastness, and he replied: “That you do not associate anything with Allah.” (1) Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Steadfastness is to remain upright upon the commands and prohibitions, and not to swerve as a fox swerves.” (2) Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Make your deeds sincere for Allah.” (3) Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Fulfil the obligatory duties.” (4) Ibn Abbas said: “They remained steadfast in fulfilling the obligatory duties.” (5)

Al-Hasan said: “They remained steadfast upon Allah’s command: they acted in obedience to Him and avoided disobeying Him.”

Mujahid and Ikrimah said: “They remained steadfast upon the testimony that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, until they met Allah.”

Muqatil said: “They remained steadfast upon true knowledge and did not apostatize.” Qatadah said: Whenever al-Hasan recited this verse, he would say: “O Allah, You are our Lord; grant us steadfastness.”

(1) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:321-322, to Abd al-Razzaq, al-Firyabi, Said ibn Mansur, Ibn Sad, Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Ibn Abi Hatim. (2) Recorded by al-Tabari, 24:115. Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:322, to Ibn al-Mubarak, Said ibn Mansur, Ahmad in al-Zuhd, Abd ibn Humayd, al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, and Ibn al-Mundhir. (3) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:496. (4) Recorded by al-Tabari, 24:115. (5) Recorded by al-Tabari, 24:115. Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:322, to Ibn al-Mundhir and Ibn Abi Hatim.

﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَامُوا تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُوا وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا وَأَبْشِرُوا بِالْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي كُنْتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ (٣٠) ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الشَّدِيدِ، ﴿جَزَاءُ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ﴾ ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ الْجَزَاءَ فَقَالَ: ﴿النَّارُ﴾ أَيْ: هُوَ النَّارُ، ﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا﴾ أَيْ: فِي النَّارِ، ﴿دَارُ الْخُلْدِ﴾ دَارُ الْإِقَامَةِ لَا انْتِقَالَ مِنْهَا، ﴿جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ﴾ . ﴿وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ أَيْ: فِي النَّارِ يَقُولُونَ. ﴿رَبَّنَا أَرِنَا الَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّانَا مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ﴾ يَعْنُونَ إِبْلِيسَ وَقَابِيلَ بْنَ آدَمَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ لِأَنَّهُمَا سَنَّا الْمَعْصِيَةَ، ﴿نَجْعَلْهُمَا تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِنَا﴾ فِي النَّارِ، ﴿لِيَكُونَا مِنَ الْأَسْفَلِينَ﴾ لِيَكُونَا فِي الدَّرْكِ الْأَسْفَلِ مِنَ النَّارِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لِيَكُونَا أَشَدَّ عَذَابًا مِنَّا. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَامُوا﴾ سُئِلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصَّدِيقُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ عَنِ الِاسْتِقَامَةِ فَقَالَ: أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا. (١) وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁: "الِاسْتِقَامَةُ" أَنْ تَسْتَقِيمَ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ، وَلَا تَرُوغَ رَوَغَانَ الثَّعْلَبِ. (٢) وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ﵁: أَخْلَصُوا الْعَمَلَ لِلَّهِ. (٣) وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁: أَدَّوُا الْفَرَائِضَ (٤) . وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: اسْتَقَامُوا عَلَى أَدَاءِ الْفَرَائِضِ (٥) . وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: اسْتَقَامُوا عَلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَعَمِلُوا بِطَاعَتِهِ، وَاجْتَنَبُوا مَعْصِيَتَهُ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ: اسْتَقَامُوا عَلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ حَتَّى لَحِقُوا بِاللَّهِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: اسْتَقَامُوا عَلَى الْمَعْرِفَةِ وَلَمْ يَرْتَدُّوا. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: كَانَ الْحَسَنُ إِذَا تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبُّنَا فَارْزُقْنَا الِاسْتِقَامَةَ.

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٢١-٣٢٢ لعبد الرزاق والفريابي وسعيد بن منصور وابن سعد وعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٤ / ١١٥، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٢٢ لابن المبارك وسعيد بن منصور وأحمد في الزهد، وعبد بن حميد، والحكيم الترمذي، وابن المنذر. (٣) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٤٩٦. (٤) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٤ / ١١٥. (٥) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٤ / ١١٥، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٢٢ لابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم.