Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/169)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

This was because Hud, peace be upon him, had threatened them with punishment, so they said, “Who is stronger than we are?” We are able to ward off the punishment from ourselves by virtue of our strength. They were people of immense stature. In reply to them, Allah, exalted is He, said:

“Did they not see that Allah, who created them, was stronger than they were? Yet they persisted in rejecting Our signs.”

“So We sent against them a fierce wind on days of ill fortune, to make them taste the punishment of disgrace in this worldly life. But the punishment of the Hereafter is more disgraceful, and they will not be helped. As for Thamud, We guided them, but they preferred blindness over guidance; so the thunderbolt of humiliating punishment seized them because of what they used to earn. And We saved those who believed and were mindful of Allah. And on the Day when the enemies of Allah are gathered to the Fire, they will be driven onward in ranks.”

“So We sent against them a fierce wind”: that is, a tempestuous wind, violent in its sound, derived from a term meaning “a cry.” It was also said that it means an intensely cold wind, derived from a term meaning “cold.” “On days of ill fortune”: Ibn Kathir, Nafi, Abu Amr, and Yaqub recited it as “nahsat,” with the h left vowelless, while the others recited it as “nahisat,” with an i-vowel on the h; that is, calamitous and ill-omened days, marked by misfortune. Al-Dahhak said: “Allah withheld rain from them for three years, and the winds continued to blow upon them without rain.” “To make them taste the punishment of disgrace”: that is, the punishment of abasement and humiliation. “In this worldly life; but the punishment of the Hereafter is more disgraceful”: that is, more severe in its humiliation. “And they will not be helped.”

“As for Thamud, We guided them”: that is, We called them, as Mujahid said. Ibn Abbas said: “We made clear to them the path of guidance.” It was also said: ⦗113/A⦘ We directed them to both good and evil, as in His words, “We showed him the way” (Human 3). “But they preferred blindness over guidance”: that is, they chose unbelief over faith. “So the thunderbolt of humiliating punishment seized them”: [that is, the ruinous punishment] (1). “Humiliating” means characterized by abasement: a punishment that would humiliate and disgrace them, “because of what they used to earn.”

“And We saved those who believed and were mindful of Allah. And on the Day when the enemies of Allah are gathered to the Fire”: Nafi and Yaqub recited it as “We gather,” with the enemies in the accusative case. The others recited it as “the enemies of Allah are gathered to the Fire,” with “the enemies” in the nominative case. “They will be driven onward in ranks”: that is, they will be driven and pushed toward the Fire. Qatadah and Al-Suddi said: “The foremost of them will be held back for the last of them, so that they may catch up with one another.”

(1) Omitted from manuscript “A”.

وَذَلِكَ أَنْ هُودًا ﵇ هَدَّدَهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ، فَقَالُوا: مَنْ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةً؟ نَحْنُ نَقْدِرُ عَلَى دَفْعِ الْعَذَابِ عَنَّا بِفَضْلِ قُوَّتِنَا، وَكَانُوا ذَوِي أَجْسَامٍ طِوَالٍ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى رَدًّا عَلَيْهِمْ: ﴿أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُمْ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً وَكَانُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ﴾ . ﴿فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا صَرْصَرًا فِي أَيَّامٍ نَحِسَاتٍ لِنُذِيقَهُمْ عَذَابَ الْخِزْيِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَخْزَى وَهُمْ لَا يُنْصَرُونَ (١٦) وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ فَاسْتَحَبُّوا الْعَمَى عَلَى الْهُدَى فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ صَاعِقَةُ الْعَذَابِ الْهُونِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ (١٧) وَنَجَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ (١٨) وَيَوْمَ يُحْشَرُ أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ إِلَى النَّارِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ (١٩) ﴾ . ﴿فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا صَرْصَرًا﴾ عَاصِفَةً شَدِيدَةَ الصَّوْتِ، مِنَ الصِّرَّةِ وَهِيَ الصَّيْحَةُ. وَقِيلَ: هِيَ الْبَارِدَةُ مِنَ الصِّرِّ وَهُوَ الْبَرْدُ، ﴿فِي أَيَّامٍ نَحِسَاتٍ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَنَافِعٌ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو وَيَعْقُوبُ "نَحْسَاتٍ" بِسُكُونِ الْحَاءِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِكَسْرِهَا أي: نكدات مشؤومات ذَاتِ نُحُوسٍ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: أَمْسَكَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمُ الْمَطَرَ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ، وَدَامَتِ الرِّيَاحُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَطَرٍ، ﴿لِنُذِيقَهُمْ عَذَابَ الْخِزْيِ﴾ أَيْ: عَذَابَ الْهُونِ وَالذُّلِّ، ﴿فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَخْزَى﴾ أَشَدُّ إِهَانَةً ﴿وَهُمْ لَا يُنْصَرُونَ﴾ . ﴿وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ﴾ دَعَوْنَاهُمْ، قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: بَيَّنَّا لَهُمْ سَبِيلَ الهدى. وقيل: ١١٣/أدَلَلْنَاهُمْ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ، كَقَوْلِهِ: "هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ" (الْإِنْسَانِ-٣) ، ﴿فَاسْتَحَبُّوا الْعَمَى عَلَى الْهُدَى﴾ فَاخْتَارُوا الْكُفْرَ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ، ﴿فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ صَاعِقَةُ الْعَذَابِ﴾ [أَيْ: هَلَكَةُ الْعَذَابِ] (١) ، ﴿الْهُونِ﴾ أَيْ: ذِي الْهُونِ، أَيِ: الْهَوَانِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُهِينُهُمْ وَيُخْزِيهِمْ، ﴿بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ﴾ . ﴿وَنَجَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ وَيَوْمَ يُحْشَرُ أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ إِلَى النَّارِ﴾ قَرَأَ نَافِعٌ وَيَعْقُوبُ: "نَحْشُرُ" بِالنُّونِ، "أَعْدَاءَ" نَصْبٌ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالْيَاءِ وَرَفْعِهَا وَفَتَحَ الشِّينَ "أَعْدَاءُ" رَفْعٌ أَيْ: يُجْمَعُ إِلَى النَّارِ، ﴿فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ﴾ يُسَاقُونَ وَيُدْفَعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ، وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: يُحْبَسُ أَوَّلُهُمْ عَلَى آخِرِهِمْ لِيَتَلَاحَقُوا.

(١) ساقط من "أ".