Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/166)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“So He completed them as seven heavens in two days, and assigned to each heaven its command. And We adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, and as a protection. That is the ordaining of the Almighty, the All-Knowing. (12) But if they turn away, then say, ‘I have warned you of a thunderbolt like the thunderbolt of Aad and Thamud, (13) when the messengers came to them from before them and from behind them, saying: Worship none but Allah. They said: Had our Lord willed, He would surely have sent down angels. Therefore, we disbelieve in that with which you have been sent. (14)’”

“So He completed them as seven heavens in two days,” meaning: He perfected them and finished creating them. “And assigned to each heaven its command.” Ataa narrated from Ibn Abbas: He created in each heaven its creatures—among the angels, the seas within it, mountains of hail, and things known only to Allah.

Qatadah and al-Suddi said: This means that He created therein its sun, moon, and stars.

Muqatil said: He revealed to every heaven whatever commands and prohibitions He willed; and this took place on Thursday and Friday.

“And We adorned the lowest heaven with lamps,” that is, stars, “and as a protection”—a protection for it. The word “protection” is in the accusative as a verbal noun; that is, We protected it by means of the stars, protecting it from the devils who stealthily eavesdrop. “That”—namely, what has been mentioned of His handiwork—“is the ordaining of the Almighty” in His dominion, “the All-Knowing” in safeguarding it. (1)

The words of Allah, Exalted is He, “But if they turn away,” mean: if these polytheists turn away from faith after this clarification. “Then say: I have warned you,” that is, I have caused you to fear, “of a thunderbolt like the thunderbolt of Aad and Thamud,” meaning, a destruction like their destruction. A thunderbolt is anything that brings destruction.

“When the messengers came to them”—that is, to Aad and Thamud—“from before them and from behind them.” By His words, “from before them,” He means the messengers who had been sent to their forefathers before them; and “from behind them,” meaning: after

(1) In manuscript “B”: bi-khalqihi (with His creation).

﴿فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَوْحَى فِي كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ أَمْرَهَا وَزَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ وَحِفْظًا ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ (١٢) فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا فَقُلْ أَنْذَرْتُكُمْ صَاعِقَةً مِثْلَ صَاعِقَةِ عَادٍ وَثَمُودَ (١٣) إِذْ جَاءَتْهُمُ الرُّسُلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ قَالُوا لَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّنَا لَأَنْزَلَ مَلَائِكَةً فَإِنَّا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ كَافِرُونَ (١٤) ﴾ ﴿فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ﴾ أَيْ: أَتَمَّهُنُ وَفَرَغَ مِنْ خَلْقِهِنَّ، ﴿وَأَوْحَى فِي كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ أَمْرَهَا﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: خَلَقَ فِي كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ خَلْقَهَا مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْبِحَارِ وَجِبَالِ الْبَرَدِ وَمَا لَا يَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: يَعْنِي خَلَقَ فِيهَا شَمْسَهَا وَقَمَرَهَا وَنُجُومَهَا. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: وَأَوْحَى إِلَى كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ مَا أَرَادَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ، وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ وَالْجُمْعَةِ. ﴿وَزَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ﴾ كَوَاكِبَ، ﴿وَحِفْظًا﴾ لَهَا وَنَصَبَ "حِفْظًا" عَلَى الْمَصْدَرِ، أَيْ: حَفِظْنَاهَا بِالْكَوَاكِبِ حِفْظًا مِنَ الشَّيَاطِينِ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَرِقُّونَ السَّمْعَ، ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ الَّذِي ذُكِرَ مِنْ صُنْعِهِ، ﴿تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ﴾ فِي مِلْكِهِ، ﴿الْعَلِيمِ﴾ بِحِفْظِهِ (١) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا﴾ يَعْنِي: هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ بَعْدَ هَذَا الْبَيَانِ، ﴿فَقُلْ أَنْذَرْتُكُمْ﴾ خَوَّفْتُكُمْ، ﴿صَاعِقَةً مِثْلَ صَاعِقَةِ عَادٍ وَثَمُودَ﴾ أَيْ: هَلَاكًا مِثْلَ هَلَاكِهِمْ، وَالصَّاعِقَةُ الْمُهْلِكَةُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ. ﴿إِذْ جَاءَتْهُمُ﴾ يعني: عادا وثمودا، ﴿الرُّسُلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ﴾ أَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ﴾ الرُّسُلَ الَّذِينَ أُرْسِلُوا إِلَى آبَائِهِمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ، ﴿وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: وَمِنْ بَعْدِ

(١) في "ب": بخلقه.