Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/164)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Say, ‘I am only a human being like you. It has been revealed to me that your God is but one God. So remain steadfast in devotion to Him and seek His forgiveness. And woe to those who associate partners with Him—(6) those who do not give zakah and who disbelieve in the Hereafter. (7) Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds will have an unfailing reward.’” (8)

Regarding His saying, “Say, ‘I am only a human being like you,’” meaning, one of you; had it not been for revelation, I would not have called you. This is expressed in His saying, “It has been revealed to me that your God is but one God.” Al-Hasan said: “Allah taught him humility.” “So remain steadfast in devotion to Him”: turn to Him in obedience and do not deviate from His path. “And seek His forgiveness”: for your sins. “And woe to those who associate partners with Him.”

“Those who do not give zakah”: Ibn Abbas said: “They are those who do not say, ‘There is no god but Allah,’” (1) and this is the purification of souls. The meaning is that they do not purify themselves from idolatry through tawhid (affirming Allah’s absolute oneness). Al-Hasan and Qatadah said: “They do not acknowledge zakah, nor do they consider giving it obligatory.” It used to be said: “Zakah is the bridge of Islam: whoever crosses it is saved, and whoever remains behind it perishes.” (2) Al-Dahhak and Muqatil said: “They do not spend in obedience to Allah or give charity.” Mujahid said: “They do not purify their deeds”—“while they disbelieve in the Hereafter.”

“Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds will have an unfailing reward”: Ibn Abbas said: “One that is uninterrupted.” Muqatil said: “One that is undiminished.” Hence the term al-manun (death), because it diminishes a person’s lifespan and strength. It was also said: it is a reward not conferred upon them as a favor. Mujahid said: “One beyond reckoning.”

Al-Suddi said: This verse was revealed concerning the sick, the chronically infirm, and the elderly: when they become unable to perform acts of obedience, their reward is recorded for them according to the best state in which they used to perform those deeds. (3)

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Husayn ibn Bishran informed us; Ismail ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi narrated to us; Abd al-Razzaq narrated to us; Ma'mar informed us, from Asim ibn Abi al-Najjud, from Khaythamah ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Abdullah ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “When a servant follows a sound practice of worship and then falls ill, the angel assigned to him is told: ‘Record for him the same deeds he performed when he was well, until I restore him to health or take him back to Me.’” (4)

(1) Al-Suyuti mentioned in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:313, from Ibn Abbas: “They do not testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah.” He attributed it to Ibn Jarir, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Asma wa al-Sifat. (2) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:313, to Abd al-Razzaq and Abd ibn Humayd, from Qatadah, with the wording: “Zakah is the bridge of Islam: whoever crosses it is cleared and saved, and whoever does not cross it perishes.” (3) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:485. (4) Narrated by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, Kitab al-Jami, 11:196, and by Imam Ahmad, 2:203. Al-Haythami stated in Majma al-Zawaid, 2:303: “Ahmad narrated it, and its chain of transmission is sound.” It was also included by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:240-241, and has a corroborating narration in al-Bukhari.

﴿قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُوحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ فَاسْتَقِيمُوا إِلَيْهِ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوهُ وَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ (٦) الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَهُمْ بِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ كَافِرُونَ (٧) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ (٨) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمْ وَلَوْلَا الْوَحْيُ مَا دَعَوْتُكُمْ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿يُوحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ التَّوَاضُعَ، ﴿فَاسْتَقِيمُوا إِلَيْهِ﴾ تَوَجَّهُوا إِلَيْهِ بِالطَّاعَةِ وَلَا تَمِيلُوا عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ، ﴿وَاسْتَغْفِرُوهُ﴾ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ، ﴿وَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ . ﴿الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: الَّذِينَ لَا يَقُولُونَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ (١) وَهِيَ زَكَاةُ الْأَنْفُسِ، وَالْمَعْنَى: لَا يُطَهِّرُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَقَتَادَةُ: لَا يُقِرُّونَ بِالزَّكَاةِ، وَلَا يَرَوْنَ إِيتَاءَهَا وَاجِبًا، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ: الزَّكَاةُ قَنْطَرَةُ الْإِسْلَامِ فَمَنْ قَطَعَهَا نَجَا وَمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهَا هَلَكَ. (٢) وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: لَا يُنْفِقُونَ فِي الطَّاعَةِ وَلَا يَتَصَدَّقُونَ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: لَا يُزَكُّونَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ﴿وَهُمْ بِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ كَافِرُونَ﴾ . ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: غَيْرُ مَقْطُوعٍ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: غَيْرُ مَنْقُوصٍ، وَمِنْهُ "الْمَنُونُ" لِأَنَّهُ يُنْقِصُ مُنَّةَ الْإِنْسَانِ وَقُوَّتَهُ، وَقِيلَ: غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ عَلَيْهِمْ بِهِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: غَيْرُ مَحْسُوبٍ. وَقَالَ الْسُّدِّيُّ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي الْمَرْضَى وَالزَّمْنَى وَالْهَرْمَى، إِذَا عَجَزُوا عَنِ الطَّاعَةِ يُكْتَبُ لَهُمُ الْأَجْرُ كَأَصَحِّ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ فِيهِ. (٣) أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُّودِ عَنْ خَيْثَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى طَرِيقَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ مِنَ الْعِبَادَةِ، ثُمَّ مَرِضَ قِيلَ لِلْمَلَكِ الْمُوَكَّلِ بِهِ: اكْتُبْ لَهُ مِثْلَ عَمَلِهِ إِذَا كَانَ طَلِيقًا حَتَّى أُطْلِقَهُ أَوْ أَكْفِتَهُ إِلَيَّ". (٤)

(١) ذكر السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣١٣ عن ابن عباس قال: "لا يشهدون أن لا إله إلا الله" وعزا هذا لابن جرير وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم والبيهقي في الأسماء والصفات. (٢) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣١٣ لعبد الرزاق وعبد بن حميد عن قتادة، بلفظ: "الزكاة قنطرة الإسلام، من قطعها برىء ونجا، ومن لم يقطعها هلك". (٣) انظر البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٤٨٥. (٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في المصنف، كتاب الجامع: ١١ / ١٩٦، والإمام أحمد: ٢ / ٢٠٣. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد (٢ / ٣٠٣) : " رواه أحمد وإسناده صحيح". والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٢٤٠-٢٤١، وله شاهد عند البخاري.